Transnational Co-production of Knowledge: The Standardisation of Typhoon Warning Codes in the Far East, 1900–1939

The why and the how of knowledge production are examined in the case of the transnational cooperation between the directors of observatories in the Far East who drew up unified typhoon-warning codes in the period 1900–1939. The why is prompted by the socioeconomic interests of the local chambers of commerce and international telegraphic companies, although this urge has the favourable wind of Far Eastern meteorologists’ ideology of voluntarist internationalism. The how entails the persistent pursuit of consensus (on ends rather than means) in international meetings where non-binding resolutions on codes and procedures are adopted. The outcome is the co-production of standardised knowledge, that is, the development of a series of processes and practices that co-produce both knowledge and ideas about the social order in a force field characterised by negotiations and power struggles.

Economic Accessibility of Food: a Regional Aspect

The general level of socio-economic development and the quality of life depend on the economic availability of food, i.e. the ability of the local population to buy products recommended by the Ministry of Health. Each family has the right to afford quality food for all household members. The local economic availability of food depends, first of all, on the income per capita in a particular region. The present research assessed the economic availability of food in the Republic of Buryatia using such indicators as food supplies, cash income per capita, household budget structure, and self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs. The results were compared with the food situation in other regions of the Far Eastern Federal District and the average Russian data.

Topology, Vegetation and Stratigraphy of Far Eastern Aapa Mires (Khabarovsk Region, Russia)

Aapa mires (string-flark fens) are one of the main types of mires in northern Eurasia. It has an almost continuous distribution from Scandinavia to Kamchatka, disappearing in continental climate areas and becoming one of the dominant types in more oceanic zones. This article first presents the topological features of string-flark aapa, their vegetation and peat stratigraphy related to different elements of microrelief at the southernmost borders of boreal mires of cryolithozone (51–52 N), in the Lower Amur region (Russia). String-flark fens are very similar to the aapa mires originally reported for the European North. The waterlogged minerotrophic central fen, with a ribbed surface pattern, is surrounded by oligotrophic bogs. The mosaic structure of the vegetation cover in the fens is determined by microtopography: mesooligotrophic dwarf shrub–herb–sphagnum strings, mesoeutrophic herb–sphagnum lawns, and sparse herb cover in water flarks. The flora, for the most part, corresponds with the European aapa, and has some characteristics of eastern features. We relate the localized evolution of string-flark complexes with water basin hydrology changes. The formation of string-flark complexes in pre-existing fens was preceded by the cessation of river flood waters over the surface of the mires. The further decline of erosion has led to the development of dwarf shrub–sphagnum communities containing microrelief. The immature strings of the aapa mires attest to the ongoing active change processes of the mires.

Features of the formation of specific Igg4 antibodies to milk proteins in healthy young children living in different megalopolises of the Russian Federation

Objective: Study specific Igg4 antibodies to milk proteins indexes in healthy babies living in different Russian megalopolises.Methods: The complex research of the specific Igg4 antibodies to milk proteins during cohort study of 259 healthy babies of the first year of life. Children lived in five Russian cities: 60 children in Moscow, 50 newborns – in Saint Petersburg, 55 children came from Kazan, 43 children lived in Khabarovsk and 51 – in Vladivostok. Non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify specific Igg4 antibodies to cow milk proteins (CMP), beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG), alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA), casein and goat's milk protein (GM) in coprofiltratesResults: The highest frequency of the high Igg4 was discovered to CMP and goats’ milk was observed among children from Saint Petersburg during comparative assessment of the frequency of defining Igg4 to milk proteins in healthy newborns aged 2.5 months living in Moscow and Saint-Petersburg. The highest frequency of Igg4 increased rates to milk proteins among newborns from Kazan, Khabarovsk and Vladivostok was diagnosed during first three months of life on breastfeeding without any clinical symptoms of food intolerance. With age decrease of the frequency of specific Igg4 to milk proteins were observed among all babies from above-mentioned cities. By 8 month of life it made isolated cases.Conclusions: High frequency of increased Igg4 to milk proteins among 2 months old babies on breastfeeding was observed in the cities of Central and Far Eastern districts of Russian Federation. In this regard it can be supposed that Igg4s were got from mothers in the prenatal period and after birth through breastfeed. The presence of high frequency of the increased indexes of specific Igg4 to milk proteins probably was related to mothers’ nutrition habits during pregnancy and lactation periods.

Brucellosis morbidity in Russia and Primorsky region

Objective: Epidemiological data analysis concerning the spread of brucellosis in Russia and Primorsky Region, study of the manifestations of the epidemic process and the current state of brucellosis issue.Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of materials on infectious morbidity based on state statistical reporting forms No. 1, No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic morbidity”.Results: Brucellosis affects workers in the main occupational groups of livestock breeders, workers involved in the processing of livestock, who contact sick animals and other sources of brucellosis infection. Primorsky Region is a territory with an unstable epidemiological situation on brucellosis. A different morbidity rates were registered over the years. However usually it does not exceed the national average rate. In 2009, the morbidity rate counted 27.5% less than in Russian Federation (0.21 and 0.29 per 100,000 respectively), compared to previous years, the average long-term morbidity rate in the region increased by 3.5 times. The disease rate for the period from 2009 to 2019 ranged from 0.05 to 0.21%. In 2012, it exceeded the index in the Far Eastern Federal District (0.1 per 100,000 population). Brucellosis cases were detected among livestock breeders during an extraordinary medical examination due to the bad situation on brucellosis among animals.Conclusions: In recent decades, the epizootic and epidemiological situation on brucellosis remains tense due to the decrease in the number of serological and bacteriological studies among animals and humans, the weakening of veterinary-sanitary control and the formation of new private farms.

The circular economy model as a promising path towards regional ecological and economic balance

The article presents the results of an analysis of the possibilities for the transition of the region’s economy to a circular economic model. According to the aim of this article the main economic activities and tools for making such a transition in Kamchatka Territory have been identified. The principles of the circular economy and its advantages over the traditional “linear” model have been analysed. On the example of the Kamchatka Territory, the preconditions and prospects for the region’s transition to a circular economy model in terms of the existing structure of production of goods and services have been analysed. Using MS Excel tools, the structure of the gross regional product has been analysed, according to the results of which the main economic activities that are promising for the transition to a circular model have been identified. Regional indicators for waste recycling and neutralisation have been analysed, and chain coefficients have been calculated for growth in the share of recycled and neutralised waste for Russia as a whole, for the Far Eastern Federal District and Kamchatka Territory. Based on the results of the calculation, it has been concluded that the coefficient values for the Kamchatka Territory lag behind those for the whole of Russia and the Far Eastern Federal District. A number of financial and economic, technological, legal and informational tools have been identified, the use of which makes it possible to implement the transition to a circular economic model. Fisheries, energy, tourism, recycling and waste management have been identified as the most promising economic activities for such a transition. The findings conclude that it is important to continue research into the various aspects of the transition to a circular economy, as well as continued coordinated efforts are needed to implement it.

The genus Orionis Shaw (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) in the Old World

The euphorine braconid genus Orionis Shaw, 1987 is found to be more diverse in the Old World than had previously been recognised. Orionis was regarded previously as largely Neotropical, with one Oriental species (Orionis orientalis Shimbori & Shaw, 2016) known from Thailand, but we recognise an additional three species from the Oriental and Palaearctic regions. Three species of Euphorinae are transferred to Orionis Shaw, 1987 and are new combinations: Orionis coxator (Belokobylskij, 1995), comb. nov., Orionis erratus (Chen & van Achterberg, 1997), comb. nov., and Orionis flavifacies (Belokobylskij, 2000), comb. nov. Previously known from the Far Eastern Palaearctic, O. coxator has surprisingly been found in Europe, in Belgium, England and the Netherlands. The inclusion of these species in Orionis, whereas most previous species have been described from the Neotropics, is justified by Bayesian analysis of the D2 region of 28S, Cytochrome Oxidase I barcode sequences, and morphology.

The travel motif of a nimngakan hero as a reflection of the Tungus early history processes

Целью исследования является выявление исторических свойств устного народного творчества на примере типологии сюжетно-мотивного состава эпоса эвенков. Актуальная проблема фольклорного историзма рассматривается с позиции междисциплинарного подхода, в котором привлекаются материалы смежных научных дисциплин. Для достижения цели исследования используются методологические основы фольклорного историзма на материале эпоса восточных эвенков. Проблемы ранней истории тунгусо-маньчжурских народов исследуются на основе анализа популярного мотива путешествия эпического героя эвенков с привлечением материалов устного народного творчества и мировоззренческих традиций этносов дальневосточного региона. Мотив путешествия героя нимнгакана является наиболее распространенным в эпических традициях восточных эвенков, составляя композиционную и содержательную основу текста – основное содержание сказаний восточных эвенков описывает странствия и подвиги эвенкийского богатыря в далеких землях, расположенных к востоку от места его рождения. В своём странствии в страну восходящего солнца герой сражается с враждебными богатырями Нижнего мира, обретает взаимобрачные и родственные связи с аборигенами восточных земель. Характеристики и этнографические детали культурных традиций дружественных племен существенно отличаются. Кроме носителей скотоводческих и оленеводческих традиций, можно выделить две основные этно-племенные группы, с которыми контактирует герой эвенкийского эпоса: носители культуры рыболовства и морской охоты, а также «древние свиноводы». В результате исследования, выдвигается предположение о том, что мотив путешествия эпического героя эвенков представляет собой отражение исторических процессов, сопровождавших развитие этнографического комплекса эвенков и родственных народов тунгусо-маньчжурской группы в Приамурье, Маньчжурии и на побережье Охотского моря. В число групп, с которыми формировались прочные исторические связи тунгусов, следует отнести предков нивхов и этно-племенные формации Приамурья, объединяемые этнонимами сушень и мохэ. Работа представляет интерес для специалистов по фольклору, истории и этнографии, в круг научных интересов которых входят традиции устного народного творчества и история тунгусо-маньчжурских народов. The aim of the study was to identify the historical properties of oral folk art on the example of the typology of the plot-motif composition of the Evenki epic. The actual problem of folk historicism is considered from the position of an interdisciplinary approach, which draws on materials from related scholarly disciplines. To achieve the goal of the research, the methodological foundations of folklore historicism were used based on the material of the epic of Eastern Evenks. The problems of the early history of the Tungus-Manchu peoples were investigated on the basis of the analysis of the popular travel motif of the Evenki epic hero with the use of materials of oral folk art and ideological traditions of the ethnic groups of the Far Eastern region. The motif of the Nimngakan hero’s travel is the most widespread in the epic traditions of Eastern Evenks. The motif constitutes the compositional and substantive basis of the text – the main content of Eastern Evenks’ legends describes the travels and deeds of the Evenki hero in distant lands located to the east of the place of his birth. In his travel to the land of the rising sun, the hero fights against the hostile bogatyrs of the Under World, forms mutual and kinship ties with the natives of the eastern lands. The characteristics and ethnographic details of the cultural traditions of friendly tribes differ significantly. In addition to the carriers of cattle-breeding and reindeer-breeding traditions, the hero of the Evenki epic contacts with two main ethno-tribal groups: carriers of the fishing culture and sea hunting, as well as “ancient pig breeders”. As a result of the research, it is suggested that the motif of the Evenki epic hero’s travel is a reflection of the historical processes that accompanied the development of the ethnographic complex of Evenks and related peoples of the Tungus-Manchu group in the Amur region, Manchuria and on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. The Tungus formed strong historical ties with the groups, which should include the ancestors of the Nivkhs and the ethno-tribal formations of the Amur region, united by the ethnonyms Sushen’ and Mohe. This research is of interest to specialists in folklore, history and ethnography, whose scholarly interests include the traditions of folklore and the history of the Tungus-Manchu peoples.

Strategic diagnostics at the at the Russian Far East gas industry

World and regional economics are nonstationary, and due to this it becomes a strategically important task to ensure social and economic development of the regions which considers the existing tendencies and the arising opportunities. The task can be fulfilled by means of uncovering the accumulated scientific-technical and industrial-production potentials of the industries. The Far Eastern Federal district possesses such a strategic opportunity, and gas industry can become such a driver. Therefore, the purpose of the study is performing strategic diagnostics of the Far Eastern gas industry in order to determine the position of the object of strategizing within the global and regional economic system, to form the information basis for further strategic analysis and to define the type of the potential industrial strategy. To this end the authors carried out analysis and presented the main results of strategic diagnostics of the Far Eastern gas industry as the object of strategizing including the key historical aspects and the dynamics of development of the gas industry of the Far East, assessment of the resource base and human resources potential, technological potential of the industry, analysis of the major industrial indicators and structure, assessment of the export potential and market positioning, analysis of the regulatory environment for operation and development of the gas industry in the Far East. For each direction of strategic diagnostics the authors have detected the specificity, features and factors which influence or are able to influence the Far Eastern gas industry in a long-term perspective. The results of the analysis revealed high concentration of national, public, regional, industrial, commercial interests, high level of technological potential of gas industry of the Far East, its deep integration into international economic relations and favorable regulatory environment encouraging effective operation and development. The study made it possible to conclude that the strategy of the gas industry of the Far East ought to be that of the innovative type and ought to be aimed at realization of all groups of interests and at involvement and efficient employment of all existing regional resources and competitive advantages.