La beatificazione dei vescovi romeni uniti, alla luce della teologia del martirio

The Beatification of the United Romanian Bishops, in the Light of the Theology of Martyrdom. The Church of Christ fulfills three functions in the history of salvation: martyria, leiturgia and diakonia. Confession of Faith, martyria, it is a fundamental mission entrusted to the Church, which is exercised by preaching the Gospel (Matt. 28:19), the Logos transmitted and explained, the life in the faith and defending it from internal enemies (schisms, polemics, etc.) or external ones (heresies and persecutions). Since the times of apostolic and ancient Christianity martyria was achieved through a testimony of faith strengthened by resistance to persecution and the radicality of the sacrifice of life, starting with St. Stephen, passing through the long line of martyrs of all times, in 1623 by the martyrdom of St. Archbishop Joshaphat for the unity of the Church, the Churches United confessing from now on, with the price of shed blood, the faith and mission entrusted by Jesus “that all may be one” (Jn 17:20). During the persecutions of the twentieth century, the United Romanian Church wrote a page in the “theology of martyrdom”, building the Church, fulfilling its crown of martyrdom, the beatification of martyrs to restore the unity of the Church opening a new stage in the history and mission of contemporary Christianity. Keywords: beatification, Church, Catholicism, Greek Catholicism, martyrdom, theology, unity.

Cell saver physics – a review

Cell salvage, cell saver, cell processor or autologous blood transfusion is the process of collecting a patient’s blood from the surgical field, washing, filtering and transfusing it back to the same patient. There are six basic steps involved in cell salvage. Step one involves the collection of shed blood into a reservoir with an anticoagulant-saline mixture. Step two is the filtration of debris and clots. In step three, the red blood cells (RBCs) are separated from the nonerythrocyte components. This process may be likened to clothes in the washing machine. Washing with saline removes contaminants in step four and the RBCs are resuspended in saline and transferred to the reinfusion bag. Waste products are transferred into the waste bag in step five. In step six, the resuspended, washed RBCs are collected in a bag at room temperature which can be reinfused. The functioning of the cell saver is based on Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion, where centripetal forces are generated to separate the blood components depending on their density. The denser RBCs are driven to the outer wall of the centrifuge bowl with the plasma collecting on the inside. A typical yield will retrieve 50–95.8% RBCs with a final haematocrit of 50–70%. Cell savers are used in procedures with a large volume of anticipated blood loss, high risk of bleeding, low preoperative haemoglobin, in patients with rare blood groups or multiple antibodies and in some Jehovah’s Witness patients.

Distal organ inflammation and injury after resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a porcine model of severe hemorrhagic shock

Background and objective Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta (REBOA) has emerged as a potential life-saving maneuver for the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage in trauma patients. Complete REBOA (cREBOA) is inherently associated with the burden of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and organ dysfunction. However, the distal organ inflammation and its association with organ injury have been little investigated. This study was conducted to assess these adverse effects of cREBOA following massive hemorrhage in swine. Methods Spontaneously breathing and consciously sedated Sinclair pigs were subjected to exponential hemorrhage of 65% total blood volume over 60 minutes. Animals were randomized into 3 groups (n = 7): (1) Positive control (PC) received immediate transfusion of shed blood after hemorrhage, (2) 30min-cREBOA (A30) received Zone 1 cREBOA for 30 minutes, and (3) 60min-cREBOA (A60) given Zone 1 cREBOA for 60 minutes. The A30 and A60 groups were followed by resuscitation with shed blood post-cREBOA and observed for 4h. Metabolic and hemodynamic effects, coagulation parameters, inflammatory and end organ consequences were monitored and assessed. Results Compared with 30min-cREBOA, 60min-cREBOA resulted in (1) increased IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in distal organs (kidney, jejunum, and liver) (p < 0.05) and decreased reduced glutathione in kidney and liver (p < 0.05), (2) leukopenia, neutropenia, and coagulopathy (p < 0.05), (3) blood pressure decline (p < 0.05), (4) metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia (p < 0.05), and (5) histological injury of kidney and jejunum (p < 0.05) as well as higher levels of creatinine, AST, and ALT (p < 0.05). Conclusion 30min-cREBOA seems to be a feasible and effective adjunct in supporting central perfusion during severe hemorrhage. However, prolonged cREBOA (60min) adverse effects such as distal organ inflammation and injury must be taken into serious consideration.

Automated Partial Versus Complete Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for the Management of Hemorrhagic Shock in a Pig Model of Polytrauma: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Introduction Endovascular variable aortic control (EVAC) is an automated partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) platform designed to mitigate the deleterious effects of complete REBOA. Long-term experiments are needed to assess potential benefits. The feasibility of a 24-hour experiment in a complex large animal trauma model remains unknown. Materials and methods Anesthetized swine were subjected to controlled hemorrhage, blunt thoracic trauma, and tibial fractures. Animals were then randomized (N = 3/group) to control (No balloon support), 90 minutes of complete supraceliac REBOA, or 10 minutes of supraceliac REBOA followed by 80 minutes of EVAC. One hundred ten minutes after injury, animals were resuscitated with shed blood, the REBOA catheter was removed. Automated critical care under general anesthesia was maintained for 24 hours. Results Animals in the control and EVAC groups survived to the end of the experiment. Animals in the REBOA group survived for 120, 130, and 660 minutes, respectively. Animals in the EVAC group displayed similar mean arterial pressure and plasma lactate concentration as the control group by the end of the experiment. Histologic analysis suggested myocardial injury in the REBOA group when compared with controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of intermediate-term experiments in a complex swine model of polytrauma with 90 minutes of REBOA. EVAC may be associated with improved survival at 24 hours when compared with complete REBOA. EVAC resulted in normalized physiology after 24 hours, suggesting that prolonged partial occlusion is possible. Longer studies evaluating partial REBOA strategies are needed.

Bilingual Biblical Etymology - Origin of Language

Multilingual mutual match in biblical etymology is a secret of civilization and definitive evidence for creation, presented for the first time in history. 恐terror is error to carry ark by two poles工to battlefield, 謬mistake is to take ark marked by cherubim to shed blood , 奉 dedication has two dactyl hands to offer cattle as tithe, 祝blessing is sibling兄, 嬰Infant is financial貝to fiancé and fiancée, 音Sound has Son童, sonic is in prison , 辨to distinguish digital hands is related to Jonah’s debate辯, 諒to forgive is related to whale鲸and capital京, and黥criminal label has capital after殳killing Abel from穀grain offering. Biblical books such as Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Jonah are astonishingly validated by bilingual mutual match in biblical etymology. Bilingual mutual match links退quit to quite很, 骄pride to bridge桥, 宴banquet to bank堰, 霉mould to plum blossom梅, 園garden to garment衣, 悛repent to paternal公Adam, 悔remorse to maternal母Eve, 濁opacity to optic目, 稠dense to seeds禾on altar口, 脯sausage to use用, 恿urge to courage勇, religion to grill and logged legal book, 忿anger and rage to revenge in segregation分, and朝morning to mourn悼. Many affixes are presented, such as nat+vowel of native, innate and nation as tone, wh as human near water, 乍restricted motion in炸explosion, migration to circumvent giant巨, a motion affix , 夭human to flee, 匽to hide Moses in basket near Nile bank堰, 兆water and fire, co-carriage of ark and altar, 用/甬/甫as altar’s service, and as star. Known affixes such as com, tech, 巴, , 貝and曼curtain also match biblical etymology. 爸father is to thaw fat肥in faith at thermal altar, 疤scar has sacred worshiper巴, and relative is related to altar. Creatures have biblical etymology. Clove is created to resemble cloud, tendril resembles spilled blood lines on tent’s curtain, 藤vine has vineyard , vessel舟, fire and Noah’s hands , dolphin has phonic ultrasound, and elephant has elevated sound. The systematic bilingual match in biblical etymology spans all categories. Wednesday is water condensation and seed day, 奥/謎 mystery has star , 樂music, smile and laugh have semi and halves, 球sphere/globe is ephod/robe裘’s pomegranate, textile has to exit in exile, filament has flame, fiber has fire, desperation is to tear apart dress, inheritance and heritage繼are to tear attire and fragment斷garment, 亵blasphemy is to take执divided clothes for military to humiliate Son, satire has attire, mock is blocked sunlight, Corpse is sacred Sarco on cross, 讽sarcasm is Sarco and crazy疯to validate Jesus, oath is to heat theological offering cut with hatchet, family has flame for kin to kindle, meal in flame is alumni, to incite is to incinerate, to instigate is to ignite, to stimulate is meal at flame of altar, health is to heat wheat at altar, tomb is mobility, and town is own tone and own tower, solving the etymology of numerous words. In conclusion, the entire languages of English and China and also words in additional ancient languages must have been divinely created in etymology to predestinedly and mutually match each other, and equally astonishingly, match bible, as the origin of language.

Bilingual Biblical Etymology - Origin of Language

Multilingual mutual match in biblical etymology is a secret of civilization and definitive evidence for creation. 恐terror is error to carry ark by two poles工to battlefield, 謬mistake is to take ark marked by cherubim to shed blood , 奉 dedication has two dactyl hands to offer cattle as tithe, 祝blessing is sibling兄, 嬰Infant is financial貝to fiancé and fiancée, 音Sound has Son童, sonic is in prison , 辨to distinguish digital hands is related to Jonah’s debate辯, 諒to forgive is related to whale鲸and capital京, and黥criminal label has capital after殳killing Abel from穀grain offering. Biblical books such as Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and Jonah are astonishingly validated by bilingual mutual match in biblical etymology, an approach presented for the first time in history. Bilingual mutual match links退quit to quite很, 骄pride to bridge桥, 宴banquet to bank堰, 霉mould to plum blossom梅, 園garden to garment衣, 悛repent to paternal公Adam, 悔remorse to maternal母Eve, 濁opacity to optic目, 稠dense to seeds禾on altar口, 脯sausage to use用, 恿urge to courage勇, religion to grill and logged legal book, 忿anger and rage to revenge in segregation分, and朝morning to mourn悼. Many affixes are presented, such as nat+vowel of native, innate and nation as tone, wh as human near water, 乍restricted motion in炸explosion, migration to circumvent giant巨, a motion affix , 夭human to flee, 匽to hide Moses in basket near Nile bank堰, 兆water and fire, co-carriage of ark and altar, 用/甬/甫as altar’s service, and as star. Known affixes such as com, tech, 巴, , 貝and曼curtain also match biblical etymology. 爸father is to thaw fat肥in faith at thermal altar, 疤scar has sacred worshiper巴, and relative is related to altar. Creatures have biblical etymology. Clove is created to resemble cloud, tendril resembles spilled blood lines on tent’s curtain, 藤vine has vineyard , vessel舟, fire and Noah’s hands , dolphin has phonic ultrasound, and elephant has elevated sound. The systematic bilingual match in biblical etymology spans all categories. Wednesday is water condensation and seed day, 奥/謎 mystery has star , 樂music, smile and laugh have semi and halves, 球sphere/globe is ephod/robe裘’s pomegranate, textile has to exit in exile, filament has flame, fiber has fire, desperation is to tear apart dress, inheritance and heritage繼are to tear attire and fragment斷garment, 亵blasphemy is to take执divided clothes for military to humiliate Son, satire has attire, mock is blocked sunlight, Corpse is sacred Sarco on cross, 讽sarcasm is Sarco and crazy疯to validate Jesus, oath is to heat theological offering cut with hatchet, family has flame for kin to kindle, meal in flame is alumni, to incite is to incinerate, to instigate is to ignite, to stimulate is meal at flame of altar, health is to heat wheat at altar, tomb is mobility, and town is own tone and own tower, solving the etymology of numerous words. In conclusion, the entire languages of English and China and also words in additional ancient languages must have been divinely created in etymology to predestinedly and mutually match each other, and equally astonishingly, match bible, as the origin of language.

Celebration of 11 November in the Republic of Poland

In 2018 the Poles celebrated not only the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I but above all regaining of independence after 123 years of partitions. Revering the memory of our fathers, sons and grandfathers who shed blood for Polish lands, flowers were led in the commemoration places, oaks were planted, independence runs and marches were organized, patriotic contests and shows were held. 11 November also witnessed ecumenical payers for the homeland which recalled St. Martin. This figure recalling former folk traditions which forecast the approach of winter is still associated with obligatory consumption of goose meat and sweet St. Martin’s croissants.

The Mechanisms of Glutamine- and Fish Oil-Supplemented Resuscitation Fluids on Alleviating Oxidative Stress of the Lung and Liver in Rats with Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock

Objectives Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be the cause of cellular and organ damage in patients with trauma hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion (THR). Our previous study showed that resuscitation fluids supplemented with glutamine and fish oil, the antioxidants with anti-inflammatory activities, may alleviate systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the THR rats. The aim of this study was to further investigate the mechanisms of these supplements on alleviating THR-induced damage in the lung and liver, i.e., the 2 vulnerable organs in THR. Methods Male Wistar rats were suffered with 5 cm midline laparotomy and 2 catheterizations in the left carotid artery and right jugular vein individually for blood drawn to a mean arterial pressure 30 to 35 mmHg for 60 minutes and for resuscitation of shed blood and lactate Ringer's solution with or without L-alanyl-L-glutamine (13.5 mmole/kg/day) and/or fish oil (0.5 g/kg/day) within 10 minutes. The different resuscitation fluids were continuous infused (∼1.4 ml/h) for 42 hr. Normal healthy rats and intubation sham-operated rats were included as controls. Results In the lung, the THR-increased lipid peroxidation and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were significantly decreased by glutamine with or without fish oil (one-way ANOVA, P &lt; 0.05). Fish oil was the main factor to decrease myeloperoxidase and activated caspase 3 in the lung of the THR rats (two-way ANOVA, P &lt; 0.05). In the liver, the THR-increased lipid peroxidation and TLR4 and the THR-decreased catalase activity were improved by glutamine and/or fish oil. In addition, fish oil was the main factor to decrease inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and to increase IkB and phosphorylated NF-kB and glutamine was the main factor to decrease activated caspase 3 in the liver of the THR rats. Conclusions These results suggest that fish oil may alleviate neutrophil infiltration and NOS activation and fish oil and glutamine may elevate catalase activity and alleviate apoptosis to attenuate the THR-induced damage in the lung and liver. Funding Sources MOST 102-2320-B-030-005-MY3.