THE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RED CHILLI BUSINESS IN SAWANG SUBDISTRICT, ACEH UTARA

Red chili is one of the horticultural commodities that are needed by the community. However, the productivity of red chili in Aceh Utara is still low at 6.19 tons/ha. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the production of red chili and analyze the economic efficiency of red chili farming in Sawang Sub-District, Aceh Utara. This research is located in Aceh Utara, precisely in Sawang Sub-District. The sampling method was carried out by census, namely as many as 40 red chili farmers. This study uses a data analysis method, namely the Cobb-Douglas function model with a Stochastic frontier approach. The results of the analysis show that the production factors that affect the production of red chili in Sawang District are land area, labor, and fertilizer, while the seed and pesticide production factors did not affect the red chili production. The results of the study also explained that red chili farming in the research location was technically efficient (ET=0.796), but did not achieve allocative and economical efficiency with the respective averages (EA = 0.439 and EE = 0.351).

GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL ISLAND CREATION

Кратко рассмотрена история создания искусственных островов в мире и в России. Проанализированы задачи, возлагаемые на искусственные острова, существующие технологии их строительства. Особое внимание уделено экологическим проблемам, возникающим при строительстве и эксплуатации островов. Сделан вывод о том, что в настоящее время в России наиболее перспективно создание искусственных островов для развития транспортной и портовой инфраструктуры, нефтегазодобыче на морском шельфе. Разработанные в настоящее время технологии позволяют создавать искусственные острова в самых разных природных условиях. Лимитирующими факторами являются рентабельность и возникающие при строительстве и эксплуатации экологические проблемы. The article provides brief review for history of artificial islands creation in Russia and around the world. It includes analysis of tasks assigned to artificial islands and existing technologies of their creation. Special attention is focused on ecological questions arising during their construction and maintenance. The article concludes that the most actual artificial islands are constructed for transport and port infrastructure development and oil and gas production on the shelf. Modern technologies allow creation of artificial islands in different nature conditions. Economical efficiency and ecological questions are restriction factors for artificial islands creation and maintenance.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF TOMATOES BY THE METHOD OF LOW-VOLUME HYDROPONICS

Currently, low-volume hydroponics is the most intensive system for vegetable plant cultivation in a greenhouse, the effective use of which largely depends on the selection of a substrate. The wide variety of substrates used for this technology suggests that when cultivating tomatoes in different regions, substrates from local raw materials can be used, making it possible to preserve all the positive properties of low-volume hydroponics and to get a high yield of tomatoes. This paper presents the results of a study on cultivating Lilos F1 tomatoes hybrid using substrates of peat (control option) and sawdust (SD) and rice husk (RH) in various ratios (SD 100%; RH 100%; SD: RH 50:50; SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 25:75). It was found that the highest tomato yield was received when growing tomatoes using a peat substrate (25.54 kg/m2) and in ratios SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 50:50 (27.70 and 24.57 kg/m2). The calcu-lation of the economical efficiency of tomato cultivation showed that the level of production profitability was deter-mined not so much by the yield as by the cost of the substrate, therefore the most effective was the use of composite substrates SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 50:50, which ensured the production profitability of 14.7% and 14.0%. The obtained results confirmed the expediency of using substrates from sawdust and rice husk to increase the efficiency of low-volume cultivation of tomatoes in regional conditions. It has been established that the use of substrates based on sawdust and rice husk for low-volume cultivation allows preserving all the positive properties of the technology and to get a rich yield of high-quality tomato fruits. The cost-effectiveness analysis of low-volume tomato cultivation using various substrates showed that the level of production profitability was influenced not so much by the yield as by the cost of the substrate. Since the region lacks natural reserves of organic substrates, when peat is used as a substrate, it has to be purchased from the CIS countries, which significantly affects the cost of production. The use of waste products from processing industries such as sawdust and rice husk as substrates, on the contrary, allows you to reduce this cost item in the cost of production and thereby increase the production profitability. The ground for doing research: Source of funding - grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP08956053 «Improving the production efficiency of greenhouse production in the Aral Sea region through the introduction of adapted innovative technology for low-volume tomato cultivation».