Kerem Quality Control Using the Quality Control Circle (QCC) Method at PT. XYZ

- The ‘kerem’ production process is the earliest process of the entire process in iron casting. The brake itself is a mandatory thing in an iron foundry company because it functions as a limiter of the inner diameter of an iron casting product or more simply as a hole in iron casting products. With the analysis carried out using seven tools, it is expected to be able to obtain actual data to improve the quality of brake production, look for factors that affect brake quality, control the number of rejects, countermeasures, repairs, and standardization. The biggest problems with defects in the production of brakes are porous, broken, cracked and not full sand. From the aspect of 4M + 1E, the Man factor is the dominant cause of brake defects. Meanwhile, the number of rejects outside the 2.5% AQL limit was 6 times, namely on 8 July 2021 as many as 16 pcs (AQL 2.5% was at 10 pcs). Then on July 17, 2021 as many as 15 pcs (2.5% AQL at 13 pcs) on July 18 2021 as many as 30 pcs (2.5% AQL at 2 pcs) on July 20 2021 as many as 25 pcs (AQL 2.5% was at 12.63) on 27 July 2021 as many as 20 pcs (AQL 2.5% was at 19 pcs) and finally on August 5, 2021 as many as 30 pcs (AQL 2.5% was at 12.6 pcs).

Defects Reduction in Spheroidal Graphite Iron Casting Process of a Jackscrew Manufacturer

This research focused on defects reduction in spheroidal graphite iron casting process of a jackscrew manufacturer in which graphite nodularity was lower than a given specification (75%). This situation could lead to serious issues and accident to end-users. The Six Sigma approach of DMAIC was employed to identify and eliminate the problems. The result obtained after implementing the Six Sigma showed that the process capability was improved from-0.47 to 2.04, and the average per cent graphite nodularity was increased significantly from 61.49% to 86.43%.

Experimental Study Regarding the Possibility of Blocking the Diffusion of Sulfur at Casting-Mold Interface in Ductile Iron Castings

The main objective of this work is to investigate the mechanism of sulfur diffusion from the mold (sand resin P-toluol sulfonic acid mold, sulfur-containing acid) in liquid cast iron in order to limit the graphite degeneration in the surface layer of iron castings. A pyramid trunk with square section samples was cast. On the opposite side of the feed canal of the samples, steel sheets with different thicknesses (0.5, 1, and 3 mm) were inserted with the intention of blocking the diffusion of sulfur from the mold into the cast sample during solidification. The structure evaluation (graphite and matrix) in the surface layer and the casting body was recorded. The experimental results revealed that by blocking the direct diffusion of sulfur at the mold-casting interface, a decrease of the demodified layer thickness (for 0.5 mm steel sheet thickness) is obtained until its disappearance (for steel sheet thicknesses of more than 1 mm). The paper contains data that may be useful in elucidating the mechanism of graphite degeneration in the superficial layer of ductile iron castings. Based on the obtained results, we recommend using such barriers on the metal-mold interface, which are able to limit sulfur diffusion from the mold/core materials into the iron castings, in order to limit or even cease graphite degeneration in the Mg-treated surface iron casting layer. The paper presents additional data related to the interaction of sulfur at the ductile iron casting-mold interface previously analyzed.

Działalność agenta handlowego w II Rzeczypospolitej na przykładzie Hilarego Mintza reprezentującego Fabrykę Odlewów Żelaznych „Neptun” J. Mintz w Końskich

The profession of a commercial agent is relatively young. It was established in the mid-nineteenth century, and at the end of the nineteenth century, its representatives already played important functions as intermediaries between industry and trade, and between wholesale and retail sectors. The text begins with a description of the different attitude of Poles and Jews to trade as a sector of the economy. Then, the author presents the history of the profession of a commercial agent (sales representative, deputy) with the specification of the recommended character traits (and physical conditions) for representatives of this profession. The basis of the main part of the text is the correspondence circulating between the commercial agent Hilary Mintz, who was a permanent representative in Katowice, and the owners of the Iron Casting Factory „Neptun” J. Mintz in Końskie. It is a colorful story about the working conditions of a sales representative, with its splendors and difficulties.

Possibilities of using car enamel waste in the production of iron casting

In the context of the general problem of utilization and recycling of industrial waste, the authors considered the possibility of using two types of waste of paint and varnish products of the GAZ Group of Companies — ML-12 and ML-1110 car enamels in the production of cast iron castings. Both materials are non-viscous liquid — a suspension of pigments in a solution of alkyd and melamine-formaldehyde resins in organic solvents with the addition of a solvent. The annual output of each type of waste at the base enterprise exceeds 500 tons. It was revealed that the solvent, xylene, butanol, as well as butyl acetate and white spirit, present in the composition of both types of waste and having a total share of more than 50%, are flammable liquids of organic nature with properties of solvents with a mass density lower than the density of water. Carboncontaining substances and titanium dioxide were found in the composition of the car enamel pigment. The complex of physical and operational properties of auto enamels generally meets the requirements for parting coatings and foundry paints used in the production of cast iron castings. The prerequisites for conducting assessments and making a technical decision are described in detail, the results of the program implementation are analyzed. An experimental test of the operability of the selected options for the use of waste materials was carried out in conditions of the existing production. The studies carried out have confirmed the feasibility of assessing the potential of industrial waste for recycling, which makes it possible to reduce the volume of consumed primary materials, reduce the cost of production and the environmental burden. It was recommended the enterprise to consider the possibility of using waste of ML-12 and ML-1110 auto enamels as a parting coating for foundry metal models, and use the waste of ML-12 auto enamel for painting casting molds in the production of iron casting.