RESEARCH OF SIGNATURE IMAGES APPLIED WITH A FAXIMILE CLICHET

In modern expert practice, the so-called signatures made using facsimile clichés are increasingly becoming objects of research. In fact, these are not actually, signatures requiring handwritten execution, but its images, applied using certain clichés (facsimiles). The determination of a specific method of drawing a graphic object (handwritten or not handwritten, in particular, by means of a facsimile cliché) is within the competence of a specialist in the field of forensic examination of documents. In addition, the establishment of a specific performer of the signature refers to the identification tasks of handwriting research. The solution of handwriting problems during handwriting signatures’ research that served as originals for making facsimile clichés, the prints of which are provided for research, is in some cases possible. However, when assessing the identified signs of handwriting, the expert should take into account that with this method of drawing a graphic object, these signs are not reproduced in full, because a significant part of the handwriting information is lost. The facsimile-recreated graphic is not a person identification. Therefore, it is unacceptable to use facsimile clichés to certify documents related to property or legal relations.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES IN HANDWRITING RESEARCH

The article is devoted to the consideration of working situations that may arise with comparative samples of signatures provided for research during the relevant examinations. Possible changes in regulatory legal acts that will optimize the work of an expert during judicial handwriting examinations are highlighted. The main goal of this article is to consider the practical situations that an expert has when studying and working with comparative samples received for research. An analysis of expert practice will help minimize expert errors, which in turn will affect the objectivity of an expert’s opinion. The article sets out the situations that arise at the stage of studying materials that can affect the objectivity and categorization of an expert’s opinion: -providing free samples of signatures in documents issued to another person; -providing free samples of signatures in documents with amendments, supplements, incorrect indication of the name, and signature of the current user of the subscriber book or the owner of the document (passport). The situations discussed will help interns, novice experts in the study of materials received for research. It should be noted that a superficial approach at the stage of their research might lead to the need for additional examinations. The article can be useful to judges, assistant judges, representatives of law enforcement agencies, lawyers when assigning a handwriting examination and can help to reduce the time for the examination.

RESEARCH OF SIGNATURES MADE USING MEANS OF TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS

The article analyzes traditional and modern methods and means of technical forgery. The methods and modern devices by which the issue of technical forgery of the signature are solved are covered. Particular attention is given to modern methods and means, namely: electrophotographic method, inkjet-drop method, the transfer of the original signature dye of the document by wet copying, the drawing of the signature using a plotter. Features that characterize the appropriate method and means of signature forgery are described. The problems of research of this kind of signatures are reflected and attention is paid to the fact that cases of technical falsification of records have become more frequent. Given this fact, it has emphasized the need for an improved methodology for investigation of signatures and short entries, made using the means of techniques and tools, which will outline a clear algorithm for solving this issue. The research of signatures on the subject of technical training is mandatory for identification handwriting research, and therefore requires special attention. In expert practice, there are various cases of technical falsification of signatures made by modern methods and means. In this connection, the expert needs continuous training in this direction in order to “keep up” with the development of computerized devices.

REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF LESSONS LEARNED HANDWRITING EXPERTISE AS A WAY TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM IN EXISTING METHODS OF HANDWRITING RESEARCH

In today’s environment, information security needs constant improvement. Therefore, biometric technologies are becoming increasingly important as a key area of information protection, contributing to the widespread introduction of biometric systems across firms and organizations. Purpose: in the course of handwriting research, human participation is a prerequisite for handwriting expertise, which entails certain problems in the field of biometric expertise, the emphasis on which is contained in the article. Methodology: tools and methods are considered to reduce the impact of problems on the process of handwriting examination: popular scientific methods of phase and case analysis and synthesis; Mathematical and simulation modeling methods and tools. Results: in order to identify approaches to reducing subjectivity of expert’s conclusions, a review and analysis of existing solutions was carried out, as a result of which a comparative characteristic of approaches to solving the problem of handwriting examination was drawn up. Scope of results: the results of this study will help the organization’s leadership in information security.

Arrangement, Natural Variation, Legibility and Line Continuity as Discriminating Elements in Forensic Handwriting Analysis: A Study of Herman Melville’s April 11, 1846 Hydrarchos Satire

Along with a discussion of the CEDAR-FOX results, four of 21 discriminating elements described by Huber and Headrick in their text Handwriting Identification: Facts and Fundamentals (1999) were applied to investigate the genuineness of an 1846 handcrafted satirical newspaper called the “Hydrarchos.” As the writership of the “Hydrarchos” was unknown when the author purchased the original document in 2009, and because the author’s research pointed to Herman Melville as the probable writer, he approached Professor Sargur Srihari director of the CEDAR-FOX project at the University of Buffalo to see if Dr. Srihari’s scientific methodology and handwriting research could assist in determining whether Melville wrote the “Hydrarchos.” Once Dr. Srhihari and his colleagues’ research (2010, 2013) confirmed that Melville was the likely writer of the “Hydrarchos,” the author decided to use a more traditional approach to see if the techniques used by forensic document examiners would substantiate the CEDAR-FOX results. Purchase Article - $10