Procedures of Detecting Damage to a Conveyor Belt with Use of an Inspection Legged Robot for Deep Mine Infrastructure

Conveying systems are responsible for a large part of continuous horizontal transportation in underground mines. The total length of a conveyor network can reach hundreds of kilometers, while a single conveyor usually has a route length of about 0.5–2 km. The belt is a critical and one of the most costly components of the conveyor, and damage to it can result in long unexpected stoppages of production. This is why proper monitoring of conveyor belts is crucial for continuous operation. In this article, algorithms for the detection of potential damage to a conveyor belt are described. The algorithms for analysis used video recordings of a moving belt conveyor, which, in case the of hazardous conditions of deep mines, can be collected, for example, by a legged autonomous inspection robot. The video was then analyzed frame by frame. In this article, algorithms for edge damage detection, belt deviation, and conveyor load estimation are described. The main goal of the research was to find a potential application for image recognition to detect damage to conveyor belts in mines.

Fan Stability With Leading Edge Damage: Blind Prediction and Validation

This paper considers the impact of a damaged leading edge on the stall margin and stall inception mechanisms of a transonic, low pressure ratio fan. The damage takes the form of a squared-off leading edge over the upper half of the blade. Full-annulus, unsteady CFD simulations are used to explain the stall inception mechanisms for the fan at low- and high-speed operating points. A combination of steady and unsteady simulations show that the fan is predicted to be sensitive to leading edge damage at low speed, but insensitive at high speed. This blind prediction aligns well with rig test data. The difference in response is shown to be caused by the change between subsonic and supersonic flow regimes at the leading edge. Where the inlet relative flow is subsonic, rotating stall is initiated by growth and propagation of a subsonic leading edge flow separation. This separation is shown to be triggered at higher mass flow rates when the leading edge is damaged, reducing the stable flow range. Where the inlet relative flow is supersonic, the flow undergoes a supersonic expansion around the leading edge, creating a supersonic flow patch terminated by a shock on the suction surface. Rotating stall is triggered by growth of this separation, which is insensitive to leading edge shape. This creates a marked difference in sensitivity to damage at low- and high-speed operating points.

PENATAAN KAWASAN TEPIAN SUNGAI SEBAGAI RUANG TERBUKA DI MURUNG KENANGA, MARTAPURA

Riverbanks in Murung Kenanga have the potential to be developed as green open space on the banks of a river that can maintain sustainability the function of the river and becomes a forum for community outreach. This potential has not been fully developed. The existing condition of the river bank which is used as shelter and disposal, causing edge damage river. The conditions of slums around the area become an obstacle to additional handling of this area. Therefore, this area requires the arrangement is right on target and has a positive impact on the surrounding environment. The urban acupuncture method was chosen by making the riverbank area in Murung Kenanga as an open green space and a positive activity point for the surrounding community. The principle of the application of urban acupuncture used in design points in the region is the target focus, low cost applies in every situation, instant effects, facilitate needs, and simple actions. The method supports the concept of environmental & recreation waterfront that is applied by making the area river banks as open spaces that are creative and considerate of the environment. Application of concepts and methods applied through, 1) Quality improvement regional environment through exploiting the natural potential and returning functions rivers with the development of pond areas, the use of riverbank vegetation and ecological plaster 2) Utilization of river banks as recreation areas with designing playgrounds & reading for children, relaxing parks, sports parks, and areas culinary 3) Triggering positive community activities by providing open space green equipped with supporting facilities therein.

Discontinuous transition to loop formation in optimal supply networks

The structure and design of optimal supply networks is an important topic in complex networks research. A fundamental trait of natural and man-made networks is the emergence of loops and the trade-off governing their formation: adding redundant edges to supply networks is costly, yet beneficial for resilience. Loops typically form when costs for new edges are small or inputs uncertain. Here, we shed further light on the transition to loop formation. We demonstrate that loops emerge discontinuously when decreasing the costs for new edges for both an edge-damage model and a fluctuating sink model. Mathematically, new loops are shown to form through a saddle-node bifurcation. Our analysis allows to heuristically predict the location and cost where the first loop emerges. Finally, we unveil an intimate relationship among betweenness measures and optimal tree networks. Our results can be used to understand the evolution of loop formation in real-world biological networks.