The Risk Evaluation in Sharia Rural Banks: A Practices and Role Strengthening of Internal Auditor

<p class="bdabstract">This study aims to examine the role of internal auditors on the business's risk valuation in Indonesia sharia rural banking. A qualitative approach used with the following three steps analysis. The first is the exploration of internal auditor function's existence, second focused on obtaining a depth conversation analysis, and, last, a confirmation to obtain the result's credibility. The results showed that internal auditors divided into two different important roles, included in directors' function, and the other was a supervisory role of the separated internal control unit, which both are controlling business risks in the operational, financial reporting, and compliance management. Internal auditors' role in the separated internal control force is more sustainable, consistent in all business aspects, and therefore focused on the potential business risks. Another role took comprehensive control, but it restricted by capacity and operational complexities.</p>

Energy Retrofit in European Building Portfolios: A Review of Five Key Aspects

The research about energy efficiency in buildings has exponentially increased during the last few years. Nevertheless, both research and practice still cannot rely on complete methodologies tailored for building portfolios as a whole, because the attention has always been drawn to individual premises. Yet, energy efficiency analyses need to go beyond the single building perspective and incorporate strategic district approaches to optimize the retrofit investment. For this purpose, several aspects should be considered simultaneously, and new methodologies should also be promoted. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss energy retrofit campaigns in building portfolios, drawing an exhaustive and updated review about the challenge of jumping from the single-building perspective to a stock-based analysis. This research discusses the publications available on the topic from five key aspects that are all essential steps in achieving a complete and reliable study of energy efficiency at a portfolio level. They are energy modelling and assessment, energy retrofit design, decision-making criteria assessment, optimal allocation of (financial) resources and risk valuation. This review, therefore, advocates for joint consideration of the problem as a basis on which to structure further disciplinary developments. Research gaps are highlighted, and new directions for future research are suggested.