The Practice of Automated Drug Dispensing Technology on the Reduction of Medication Errors in the Medication Process

This review is used to describe the automated dispensing systems increasing opportunities for improving the health care system. Safe automated dispensing systems (ADS) were suitable for providing a patient’s medication therapy when pharmacists are caregivers. This review highlights the use of time-saving technologies such as automated dispensing machines, automated dispensing cabinets, and robotic original pack dispensing systems which have been suggested as potential mechanisms for reducing medication errors, improve accuracy, safety, and efficiency of medication dispensing. The implementation of automated dispensing machines improves the quality of the medication distribution process as compared with Manual Dispensing System. This review also emphasizes the impact of new emerging technologies of an automated dispensing system (ADS) on reducing medication errors and ADE. The Automated dispensing system is a key strategy of improving patient safety through increasing interaction between the patient and pharmacist, resulting in a chance for pharmacists to carry out new clinical functions. This review focus on the practices of automated drug dispensing in different terms in order to reduce the medication errors drug medication process.

An Insight Data On Medication Safety in Accordance with Drug Complications Based On Automated Drug Dispensing System.

: Automated dispensing systems have been applied for maintaining medication safety, improving drug distribution, and reducing the risk of medication errors in different pharmacy practice. Automation reduces the time which may authorize the pharmacists to take an interest all the more complete with direct patient consideration. Automated dispensing machines maintain equilibrium of accessibility, stock control of medications, and protection which were the main features of a safe medication distribution system. It is providing to patients with a high probability of unsuitable medication use however cannot be viewed as a patent medicine for every single such patient. It could lead to prompt the ceaseless rehashing of recommended treatments without the fundamental re-evaluation. It is in this manner proposed that automatic dispensing should be linked with medication review and regular patient counselling. Encourage the timely administration of drugs through expanding their access to patient care units and First-dose availability was improved in automated dispensing machines. Physicians allow treatment efficiently by providing convenient access to medications of critically ill patients for emergencies during and after pharmacy hours with automated dispensing machines. This investigation demonstrates that the nature of pharmacotherapy for patients with automated dose dispensing can be improved. It recommends that every patient with automatic dose dispensing ought to go through a careful medication review through prescribers and pharmacists. It focuses on the automatic drug dispensing effect of a medication review in patients. The ideal recurrence for conducting medication reviews and follow-up will likely contrast between individual patients.

Does drug dispensing improve the health outcomes of patients attending community pharmacies? A systematic review

Background Drug dispensing is a clinical pharmacy service that promotes access to medicines and their rational use. However, there is a lack of evidence for the impact of drug dispensing on patients’ health outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of drug dispensing on the clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of patients attending community pharmacies. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in April 2021 using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Open Thesis. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles according to the eligibility criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the literature was synthesized narratively. Results We retrieved 3,685 articles and included nine studies that presented 13 different outcomes. Regarding the design, they were cross-sectional (n = 4), randomized clinical trials (n = 4), and quasi-experimental (n = 1). A positive influence of drug dispensing on health outcomes was demonstrated through six clinical, four humanistic and three economic outcomes. Eight studies (88,9 %) used intermediate outcomes. The assessment of methodological quality was characterized by a lack of clarity and/or lack of information in primary studies. Conclusions Most articles included in this review reported a positive influence of drug dispensing performed by community pharmacists on patients’ health outcomes. The findings of this study may be of interest to patients, pharmacists, decision makers, and healthcare systems, since they may contribute to evidence-based decision-making, strengthening the contribution of community pharmacists to health care. Trial registration Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020191701.

Trend of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Dispensing Technique in Nepal

Introduction: The main purpose of this survey was to find out what technique for bevacizumab injection is practiced by ophthalmologists in Nepal and to evaluate which is the best technique of drug dispensing and what possible hindrances are there in following it. Materials and methods: This was an online survey using google forms. Results: There were a total of 34 participants in the survey. Most of the participants (58.8%) followed the same vial, multiple prick, multiple days method for giving intravitreal bevacizumab.. Majority of participants said they thought that aliquoting the drug and using it same day would be the best technique to prevent post injection endophthalmitis. Cost and unsuitability for small hospitals were the main factor preventing surgeons from practicing the best method. Conclusion: Risk of endophthalmitis can be reduced by following proper drug dispensing techniques. Aliquoting bevacizumab in smaller syringes under aseptic conditions can reduce the risk of endophthalmitis.

The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in the Netherlands

BackgroundNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans. Because NTM-PD is not a notifiable disease in Europe, the epidemiology of NTM-PD is not well known. However, the prevalence of NTM-PD is thought to be increasing, particularly in countries where tuberculosis rates have decreased. Here we aim to determine the prevalence of NTM-PD in the Netherlands.Annual prevalence estimates of NTM-PD in the Netherlands (2012–2019) were derived from four separate databases, including two drug dispensing databases, an ICD-10 code database and a hospitalisation database. Databases covered a fraction of the Dutch population and were extrapolated. In addition, annual NTM-PD prevalence was also estimated by means of a pulmonologist survey.The estimated annual prevalence of NTM-PD using databases is between 2.3 and 5.9 patients/100 000 inhabitants. Prevalence estimates derived from the drug dispensing databases, the hospitalisation database and the claims database were 2.3, 5.9, 3.5 and 4.5/100 000 inhabitants, respectively. The annual prevalence estimated in the pulmonologist survey was between 6.2 and 9.9/100 000 inhabitants. The annual prevalence remained stable over the included period.The estimated annual prevalence of NTM-PD using databases was between 2.3 and 5.9 patients/100 000 inhabitants. Due to the possible presence of tuberculosis patients and low coverage in one dispensing database, we believe an annual prevalence of between 2.3 and 4.5 patients/100 000 inhabitants is more probable which still renders NTM-PD a serious health threat. This estimate is lower than the estimate from the pulmonologist survey, indicating physicians likely overestimate prevalence.