Holographic anniversaries: a tribute to holographic pioneers

This editorial presents shortly the holographic timeline and the most important holographic pioneers. This is the background to an overview of the contents of this special volume of the Photonics Letters of Poland, devoted mainly to digital holography. The published papers from international research groups present a wide range of approaches and applications including metrology, displays, computer-generated holograms, and biomedicine.

Shape and deformation measurements of rough surfaces by phase-shifting digital holography

In digital holography recording as reconstruction of holograms are performed digitally by modern photonic devices to increase of optical non-contacting measurements of various kinds of surfaces including both specular and rough surfaces. In this article we discusses these features of digital holography using phase shifting techniques that has much extended its capabilities. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Bruning, D.R. Herriott, J.E. Gallagher, D.P. Rosenfeld, A.D. White, D.J. Brangaccio, "Digital Wavefront Measuring Interferometer for Testing Optical Surfaces and Lenses", Appl. Opt. 13, 2693 (1974). CrossRef I. Yamaguchi, T. Zhang, "Phase-shifting digital holography", Opt. Lett. 22, 1268 (1997). CrossRef F. Zhang, I. Yamaguchi, L.P. Yaroslavsky, "Algorithm for reconstruction of digital holograms with adjustable magnification", Opt. Lett. 29, 1668 (2004). CrossRef I. Yamaguchi, "Holography, speckle, and computers", Optics and Lasers in Engineering 39, 411 (2003). CrossRef I. Yamaguchi, M. Yokota, "Speckle noise suppression in measurement by phase-shifting digital holography", Opt. Eng. 48 085602 (2009). CrossRef I. Yamaguchi, J. Kato, S. Ohta, "Surface Shape Measurement by Phase-Shifting Digital Holography", Opt. Rev. 8, 85 (2001). CrossRef I. Yamaguchi, J. Kato, H. Matsuzaki, "Measurement of surface shape and deformation by phase-shifting image digital holography", Opt. Eng. 42, 1267 (2003). CrossRef F. Zhang, J.D.R. Valera, I. Yamaguchi, M. Yokota, G. Mills, "Vibration Analysis by Phase Shifting Digital Holography", Opt. Rev. 11, 5 (2004). CrossRef

Recent advances in speckle decorrelation modeling and processing in digital holographic interferometry

Digital holography, and especially digital holographic interferometry, is a powerful approach for the characterization of modifications at the surface or in the volume of objects. Nevertheless, the reconstructed phase data from holographic interferometry is corrupted by the speckle noise. In this paper, we discuss on recent advances in speckle decorrelation noise removal. Two main topics are considered. The first one presents recent results in modelling the decorrelation noise in digital Fresnel holography. Especially the anisotropy of the decorrelation noise is established. The second topic presents a new approach for speckle de-noising using deep convolution neural networks. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Picart (ed.), New techniques in digital holography (John Wiley & Sons, 2015). CrossRef T.M. Biewer, J.C. Sawyer, C.D. Smith, C.E. Thomas, "Dual laser holography for in situ measurement of plasma facing component erosion (invited)", Rev. Sci. Instr. 89, 10J123 (2018). CrossRef M. Fratz, T. Beckmann, J. Anders, A. Bertz, M. Bayer, T. Gießler, C. Nemeth, D. Carl, "Inline application of digital holography [Invited]", Appl. Opt. 58(34), G120 (2019). CrossRef M.P. Georges, J.-F. Vandenrijt, C. Thizy, Y. Stockman, P. Queeckers, F. Dubois, D. Doyle, "Digital holographic interferometry with CO2 lasers and diffuse illumination applied to large space reflector metrology [Invited]", Appl. Opt. 52(1), A102 (2013). CrossRef E. Meteyer, F. Foucart, M. Secail-Geraud, P. Picart, C. Pezerat, "Full-field force identification with high-speed digital holography", Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 164 (2022). CrossRef L. Lagny, M. Secail-Geraud, J. Le Meur, S. Montresor, K. Heggarty, C. Pezerat, P. Picart, "Visualization of travelling waves propagating in a plate equipped with 2D ABH using wide-field holographic vibrometry", J. Sound Vib. 461 114925 (2019). CrossRef L. Valzania, Y. Zhao, L. Rong, D. Wang, M. Georges, E. Hack, P. Zolliker, "THz coherent lensless imaging", Appl. Opt. 58, G256 (2019). CrossRef V. Bianco, P. Memmolo, M. Leo, S. Montresor, C. Distante, M. Paturzo, P. Picart, B. Javidi, P. Ferraro, "Strategies for reducing speckle noise in digital holography", Light: Sci. Appl. 7(1), 1 (2018). CrossRef V. Bianco, P. Memmolo, M. Paturzo, A. Finizio, B. Javidi, P. Ferraro, "Quasi noise-free digital holography", Light. Sci. Appl. 5(9), e16142 (2016). CrossRef R. Horisaki, R. Takagi, J. Tanida, "Deep-learning-generated holography", Appl. Opt. 57(14), 3859 (2018). CrossRef E. Meteyer, F. Foucart, C. Pezerat, P. Picart, "Modeling of speckle decorrelation in digital Fresnel holographic interferometry", Opt. Expr. 29(22), 36180 (2021). CrossRef M. Piniard, B. Sorrente, G. Hug, P. Picart, "Theoretical analysis of surface-shape-induced decorrelation noise in multi-wavelength digital holography", Opt. Expr. 29(10), 14720 (2021). CrossRef P. Picart, S. Montresor, O. Sakharuk, L. Muravsky, "Refocus criterion based on maximization of the coherence factor in digital three-wavelength holographic interferometry", Opt. Lett. 42(2), 275 (2017). CrossRef P. Picart, J. Leval, "General theoretical formulation of image formation in digital Fresnel holography", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 1744 (2008). CrossRef S. Montresor, P. Picart, "Quantitative appraisal for noise reduction in digital holographic phase imaging", Opt. Expr. 24(13), 14322 (2016). CrossRef S. Montresor, M. Tahon, A. Laurent, P. Picart, "Computational de-noising based on deep learning for phase data in digital holographic interferometry", APL Photonics 5(3), 030802 (2020). CrossRef M. Tahon, S. Montresor, P. Picart, "Towards Reduced CNNs for De-Noising Phase Images Corrupted with Speckle Noise", Photonics 8(7), 255 (2021). CrossRef E. Meteyer, S. Montresor, F. Foucart, J. Le Meur, K. Heggarty, C. Pezerat, P. Picart, "Lock-in vibration retrieval based on high-speed full-field coherent imaging", Sci. Rep. 11(1), 1 (2021). CrossRef

LCOS Spatial Light Modulator for Digital Holography

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulator (SLM) is the most widely used optical engine for digital holography. This paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of phase-only LCOS in two-dimensional (2D) holography. It begins with a brief introduction to the holography theory along with its development trajectory, followed by the fundamental operating principle of phase-only LCOS SLMs. Hardware performance of LCOS SLMs (in terms of frame rate, phase linearity and flicker) and related experimental results are presented. Finally, potential improvements and applications are discussed for futuristic holographic displays. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Wolfke, Physikalische Zeitschrift 21, 495 (1920). DirectLink D. Gabor, "A New Microscopic Principle", Nature 161, 777 (1948). CrossRef H. Haken, "Laser Theory", Light and Matter 5, 14 (1970). CrossRef S. Benton, "Selected Papers on Three-dimensional displays", SPIE Press (2001). DirectLink X. Liang et al, "3D holographic display with optically addressed spatial light modulator", 3DTV-CON 2009 - 3rd 3DTV-Conference (2009). CrossRef J. Chen, W. Cranton, M. Fihn, "Handbook of Visual Display Technology", Springer (2012). CrossRef D. Rogers, "The chemistry of photography: From classical to digital technologies", Royal Society of Chemistry (2007). CrossRef S. Reichelt et al, "Depth cues in human visual perception and their realization in 3D displays", Proc. SPIE 7690, 76900B (2010). CrossRef A.W. Lohmann, D. Paris, "Binary Fraunhofer Holograms, Generated by Computer", Appl. Opt. 6, 1739 (1967). CrossRef J.W. Goodman, R.W. Lawrence, "Digital Image Formation from Electronically Detected Hologtrams", Appl. Phys. Lett 17, 77 (1967). CrossRef D.C. O'Brien, R.J. Mears, and W.A. Crossland, "Dynamic holographic interconnects that use ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulators", Appl. Opt. 33, 2795, (1994). CrossRef R.W. Gerchberg, and W.O. 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"LCoS SLM Study and Its Application in Wavelength Selective Switch", Photonics 4, 22 (2017). CrossRef Z. Zhang, Z. You, and D. Chu, "Fundamentals of phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) devices", Light Sci. & Appls. 3, e213 (2014). CrossRef D. Yang, and S. Wu, Fundamentals of liquid crystal devices, 2nd edition (Wiley 2015). CrossRef B. Prince, Semiconductor memories: A handbook of design, manufacture, and application, 2nd ed. (John Wiley & Sons 1996). DirectLink J.C. Jones, Liquid crystal displays, Handbook of optoelectronics: Enabling Technologies, 2nd ed. (CRC Press 2018). DirectLink A. Ayriyan, et al. "Simulation of the Static Electric Field Effect on the Director Orientation of Nematic Liquid Crystal in the Transition State", Phys. Wave Phenom. 27, 67 (2019). CrossRef S.M. Kelly, and M. O'Neil, Liquid crystal for electro-optic applications, Handbook of advanced electronics and photonic materials and devices 7, 15 (2000). DirectLink Y. Ji, et al., "Suspected Intraoperative Anaphylaxis to Gelatin Absorbable Hemostatic Sponge", J. SID 22, 4652 (2015). CrossRef X. Chang, Solution-processed ZnO nanoparticles for optically addressed spatial light modulator and other applications, Ph.D. thesis, (University of Cambridge, Cambridge 2019) CrossRef E. Moon, et al. "Holographic head-mounted display with RGB light emitting diode light source", Opt. Express 22, 6526 (2014). CrossRef G. Aad, et al. "Study of jet shapes in inclusive jet production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector", Phys Rev. D 83, 052003 (2011). CrossRef M. Pivnenko, K. Li, and D. Chu, "Sub-millisecond switching of multi-level liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulators for increased information bandwidth", Opt. Express 29, 24614 (2021). CrossRef H. Yang, and D.P. Chu, "Phase flicker optimisation in digital liquid crystal on silicon devices", Opt. Express 27, 24556 (2019). CrossRef P. Bach-Y-Rita, et al. "Seeing with the Brain", Int. J. Hum. -Comput. Interact 15, 285 (2003). CrossRef Y. Tong, M. Pivnenko, and D. Chu, "Improvements of phase linearity and phase flicker of phase-only LCoS devices for holographic applications", Appl. Opt. 58, G248 (2019). CrossRef Y. Tong, M. Pivnenko, and D. Chu, "Implementation of 10-Bit Phase Modulation for Phase-Only LCOS Devices Using Deep Learning", Adv. Dev. & Instr. 1, 10 (2020). CrossRef H. Yang, and D. Chu, "Phase flicker optimisation in digital liquid crystal on silicon devices", Opt. Express 27, 24556 (2019). CrossRef J. García-Márquez, et al. "Mueller-Stokes characterization and optimization of a liquid crystal on silicon display showing depolarization", Opt.Express 16, 8431 (2008). CrossRef

Multi-Incidence Holographic Profilometry for Large Gradient Surfaces with Sub-Micron Focusing Accuracy

Surface reconstruction for micro-samples with large discontinuities using digital holography is a challenge. To overcome this problem, multi-incidence digital holographic profilometry (MIDHP) has been proposed. MIDHP relies on the numerical generation of the longitudinal scanning function (LSF) for reconstructing the topography of the sample with large depth and high axial resolution. Nevertheless, the method is unable to reconstruct surfaces with large gradients due to the need of: (i) high precision focusing that manual adjustment cannot fulfill and (ii) preserving the functionality of the LSF that requires capturing and processing many digital holograms. In this work, we propose a novel MIDHP method to solve these limitations. First, an autofocusing algorithm based on the comparison of shapes obtained by the LSF and the thin tilted element approximation is proposed. It is proven that this autofocusing algorithm is capable to deliver in-focus plane localization with submicron resolution. Second, we propose that wavefield summation for the generation of the LSF is carried out in Fourier space. It is shown that this scheme enables a significant reduction of arithmetic operations and can minimize the number of Fourier transforms needed. Hence, a fast generation of the LSF is possible without compromising its accuracy. The functionality of MIDHP for measuring surfaces with large gradients is supported by numerical and experimental results.