Management of Acne in Unani System of Medicine: A Case Report

Introduction: Acne is a common skin disorder of pilosebaceous gland. It caused due to excessive production of sebum, hyperkeratinisation and proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Case presentation: This case report is of 38 years of female having severe problem of acne. She has no family history and her menstrual order was normal. Previously she had taken modern medicine orally and topically but did not relieve. Conclusion: The treatment with Majoon Ushbah orally and multicomponent powdered formulation applied topically proved to be effective. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction of Global Acne Grading Score (GAGS) nearly 81% as compared to baseline. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale)) indicated changes in appearance and symptoms at the end of study. There was significant improvement in DQLI (Dermatology Quality of Life Index). The tested drug proved to be effective in management of acne

Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat dan n-Heksana dari Daun Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.)

Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) is a typical mango of South Kalimantan. Kasturi mango leaves are reported to have antioxidant activity and are potential for treating various diseases, including diseases related to antibacterial. This study examines the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction and the n-hexane fraction of mango musk leaves on bacteria that cause acne. Experimental research started with plant determination, making extracts and fractions, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes using the disk diffusion method. The study results found that the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions had weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. acnes bacteria, which cause acne

CRUDE EXTRACTS OF MAGNOLIA ALBA FLOWERS USING N-HEXANE AND METHANOL SOLVENTS AND THEIR ANTI-ACNE POTENTIAL

This study aimed to test the antibacterial activity of n-hexane and methanol extracts of white cempaka flowers (Magnolia alba) against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The extract was obtained by using the maceration method for 72 hours. Each extract was tested for its antibacterial properties using the disc diffusion method with the variant concentration of the extract used was 0.05%; 2%; 4%; 6%; and 8%. The results showed that the methanol extract had a higher inhibition zone than the n-hexane extract. In n-hexane extract, the lowest concentration of 0.05% showed an inhibition zone of 6.6 mm and the highest concentration of 8% had an inhibition zone of 9.6 mm. Whereas in methanol extract, the inhibition zone obtained was 7.3 mm at a low concentration of 0.05%, but at the highest concentration of 8% the inhibition zone obtained was 11.6 mm. The effect of extract concentration on the diameter of the inhibition zone formed is very significant (directly proportional), where the higher the concentration used, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone produced. Antibacterial testing for both extracts showed a weak (< 10 mm) to moderate (> 10 mm) bacterial inhibition, which was similar with the inhibition zone obtained from the positive control (11-11.3 mm; moderate bacterial inhibition).

Formulation of Anti Acne Sheet Mask from Bandotan Leaf Extract (Ageratum conyzoides L.) against Propionibacterium acnes

Acne can occur due to increased sebum excretion, inflammation of the skin triggered by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of sheet mask preparations of bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides L.) in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. This type of research is an experimental study which include plant identification, making ethanol extract of bandotan leaves, making sheet mask formulations, evaluating the characteristics of the preparation and testing antibacterial activity using disc paper method using Mueller Hinton Agar media. The extract was carried out by maceration using 70% ethanol as a solvent. Testing the effectiveness of antibacterial by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone, after that the data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA statistical test. The results of the evaluation of the preparation showed that the preparation was homogenous, with pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.5 and the preparation did not cause irritation on volunteers skin. The results of the inhibition zone measurements showed that the inhibition zones at 2.5% concentration is 4.7mm, 5% (6.83mm), 7.5% (10.2mm) and positive control (20.57mm). This means that the higher the concentration, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone obtained. The conclusion in this study is bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides L.) can be formulated into anti acne sheet mask which is stable during storage with a strong inhibitory power at 7.5% concentration, which is 10.2 mm. Keywords: Ageratum conyzoides L., bandotan leaf, Propionibacterium acnes, sheet mask

Sensitivity of Propionibacterium acnes towards Commercial Anti-Acne Formulations

Propionibacterium acnes are aerotolerant anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli that form part of normal flora. They produce several pro-inflammatory substances that can trigger an immune response in the host by an influx of inflammatory leukocytes into the strands, causing inflammatory lesions that leave behind scars. Repeated isolation of Propionibacterium acnes may reduce efficacy among the resistant types, clearly explaining Acne lesions' importance. The Counter acne therapies are often the first treatment choice due to the convenience of cost and time over clinical appointments. However, not all of the commercially available anti-acne formulations are supported by clinical studies. The present study was conducted to test the efficacy of selected commercial anti-acne gel formulations. The microscopic observation and biochemical studies conform to the presence of anti-acne activity. A sensitivity test was performed on all the isolates of Propionibacterium acnes by well diffusion technique. The selected over-the-counter anti-acne gel formulations failed to produce any inhibition zone.

The Protective Effects of Cath-MH With Anti-Propionibacterium Acnes and Anti-Inflammation Functions on Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is a common adolescent skin condition which is mainly caused by Propionibacterium acnes overcolonization and subsequent inflammation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Cath-MH, an antimicrobial peptide from the skin of the frog Microhyla heymonsivogt, possesses potential antimicrobial, LPS-binding, and anti-septicemic properties. However, its protective effects and potential mechanisms against acne vulgaris are still unclear. In the present study, its anti-P. acnes effects were measured by two-fold broth dilution method, agglutination assay, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments. Its treatment potential for acne vulgaris was further evaluated in mice ear inoculated by P. acnes. In addition, the binding ability between Cath-MH and LTA was measured by the Circular Dichroism and antibacterial assay. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory efficiency of Cath-MH was evaluated in LTA- and LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Cath-MH was found to kill P. acnes with a MIC value of about 1.56 μM by membrane disruption mechanism. It also exhibited agglutination activity against P. acnes. Cath-MH was able to bind LTA as well as LPS, inhibit LTA/LPS-stimulated TLR2/4 expression, and subsequently decreased the inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. As expected, Cath-MH alleviated the formation of edema and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in acne mouse model with concurrent suppression of P. acnes growth and inflammatory cytokines expression in vivo. The potent P. acnes inhibition activity combined with powerful anti-inflammatory effect of Cath-MH indicates its potential as a novel therapeutic option for acne vulgaris.

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BANDOTAN (Ageratum Conyzoides Lin) TERHADAP Escherichia Coli, Propionibacterium Acnes, dan Streptococcus Sobrinus

Daun bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides Lin) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional daun bandotan mempunyai berbagai khasiat, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak daun bandotan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Propionumbacterium acnes, Escherichia coli, dan Streptococcus mutan. Simplisia daun bandotan diekstrak menggunakan etanol pada suhu kamar, kemudian dilakukan pemekatan ekstrak menggunakan vacuum rotary evaporator sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kasar. Analisis fitokimia dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang meliputi flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin terpenoid dan steroid. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran dengan konsentrasi 100, 200, 400, dan 600 µg/well untuk mengetahui Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum. Chlorampenicol digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan aseton sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian dinyatakan bahwa ekstrak daun bandotan mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid, saponin, tannin, dan steroid. Sedang alkaloid dan terpenoid tidak terdeteksi. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri eksrak etanol daun bandotan berpotensi sebagai bahan antibakteri dengan KHM pada E.coli antara100-200 µg/well dan pada P. acne dan S. Sobrinus di bawah 100 µg/well.