VARIASI POHON FRAKTAL MENGGUNAKAN L-SYSTEMS

Fractal tree is simply a trunk and a number of branches, each of which looks like the tree itself. The fractal tree can be generated using the IFS and L-Systems methods. In this article, the author develops fractal tree generation using L-Systems with additional variations. The variations given are in thickness, length, and branch angle. This development is expected to produce more diverse fractal tree patterns. In generating a fractal tree using L-Systems, it begins by determining the letters and symbols to be used. Then determine which axioms should be used. Then the production rules are made together with the determination of the parametric L-Systems. And the last is to determine the probability value for the stochastic L-Systems. In the deterministic L-Systems, thickness variations, length variations, and branch angle variations are carried out. In the variation of branch thickness, if the ratio of the thickness of the left branch is greater than that of the right branch, the fractal tree is skewed to the left. Then in the variation of branch length if the ratio of the length of the left branch is smaller than the ratio of the length of the right branch, the length of the left branch is longer than the length of the right branch. Then at the angle of the branching the smaller the 𝜃 that is included causes the branches to be closer together. The use of stochastic L-Systems can produce more diverse fractal tree patterns, even though they use the same production rules and parameter values

Comparing the Order of Multi-Layered Modifiers in English, Chinese and Vietnamese in Language Teaching

From the cross-linguistic perspective and cognitive linguistic theory, this study has analysed the rules of multi-layered modifiers in English, Chinese, and Vietnamese, pointing out their common points and differences. Although all three languages belong to the SVO (subject-verb-object) type but modifiers in English and Chinese are in front of the core words, which shows that English and Chinese belong to the language in the left branch, but modifiers in Vietnamese, they are behind the core words which shows that Vietnamese belongs to the right branch. All the three languages have one thing in common, whether they are on the left or on the right branch, in which modifiers have the closest relationship with the core words that will stand nearest to them. Other modifiers that have a non-intimate relationship with the core words will stand further away from them. Thus, mastering this feature of the three types of languages will help in language teaching and learning.

Attributive subcomparatives in Japanese

This paper aims to explain the difference in grammaticality between Japanese attributive subcomparatives with quantity adjectives (e.g., ooku/takusan ‘many’) and those with non-quantity adjectives (e.g., omosiroi ‘interesting’). My analysis assumes that Japanese clausal comparatives involve degree abstraction (Shimoyama 2012, see also Bhatt and Takahashi 2011). Degree abstraction is generally assumed to require movement of a null degree operator. In the case of attributive clausal comparatives, the movement takes place from the left branch position. If no operation that alleviates a left branch island violation is available, we would expect that the resulting sentences would be ungrammatical. I propose that in Japanese, quantifier float can play a role in ameliorating extraction out of the left branch islands. More specifically, I argue that (i) Japanese attributive subcomparatives with quantity adjectives involve quantifier float of the quantity adjectives, and that (ii) quantifier float carries the degree operators associated with the adjectives to a position where degree operator movement can originate.

Left Branch Extraction and Clitic Placement in Gaulish

The inscriptional remains of Gaulish preserve syntactic behaviours that are not expected from the perspective of the diachronic schemes usually posited for the development of early Insular Celtic syntax from Proto-Indo-European. Widespread evidence is attested, particularly for the behaviour of clitics, that does not seem reconcilable with many of the assumptions made in previous studies regarding the nature of the syntax of Proto-Celtic. Gaulish also evidently features scrambling-type phenomena such as left branch extraction that are not usually thought to appear in other Celtic languages. An analysis which begins with an assessment of these features leads to a more empirically predicated and consistent understanding of the early development of Celtic word order than has been proffered previously.

Study on Fatigue Strength of Main Anti-collision Structure of Main Pier

In order to improve the efficiency of water transport, avoid energy waste and protect the environment of the ocean and river, the protection of large transport vessels is particularly important. With the continuous development of waterway regulation and the continuous improvement of navigation conditions, the number of ships sailing in the Yinzhouhu section is increasing, and the risk of bridges being hit by ships is also gradually increasing. There are two common ways of bridge anti-collision: independent anti-collision system and its own anti-collision system. The former often adopts the form of independent anti-collision pier, which is generally used in the anti-collision area of old bridges, New bridges generally do not use this method, the latter mainly uses the method of improving the structural firmness of piers to achieve anti-collision, which is the most commonly used and more economical anti-collision method at present. In order to select a more reasonable standard of ship impact force and lay out reasonable anti-collision facilities, the anti-collision facilities of left branch main pier (55, 56) and right branch main pier (76, 77) of ZhongKai Yinzhouhu super-large bridge are studied and designed to provide reference for bridge design.

Discontinuous noun phrases in Yucatec Maya

Languages differ in whether or not they allow discontinuous noun phrases. If they do, they further vary in the ways the nominal projections interact with the available syntactic operations. Yucatec Maya has two left-peripheral configurations that differ syntactically: a preverbal position for foci or wh-elements that is filled in by movement, and the possibility to adjoin topics at the highest clausal layer. These two structural options are reflected in different ways of the formation of discontinuous patterns. Subextraction from nominal projections to the focus position yielding discontinuous NPs is possible, but subject to several restrictions. It observes conditions on extraction domains, and does not apply to the left branch of nominal structures. The topic position also appears to license discontinuity, typically involving a non-referential nominal expression as the topic and quantifiers/adjectives that form an elliptical nominal projection within the clause proper. Such constructions can involve several morphological and syntactic mismatches between their parts that are excluded for continuous noun phrases, and they are not sensitive to syntactic island restrictions. Thus, in a strict sense, discontinuities involving the topic position are only apparent, because the construction involves two independent nominal projections that are semantically linked.

Stent patency and outcome of TIPS through the left versus the right portal branches

Background Our purpose is to compare the stent patency and clinical outcome of trans-jugular intra-hepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) through the left branch portal vein (TIPS-LPV) to the standard TIPS through the right branch (TIPS-RPV). We retrospectively reviewed all patients (n = 54) with refractory portal hypertension who were subjected to TIPS-LPV at our institute (TIPS-LPV) between 2016 and 2018. These patients were matched with 56 control patients treated with the standard TIPS-RPV (TIPS-RPV). The 2 groups were compared regarding the stent patency rate, encephalopathy, and re-interventions for 1 year after the procedure. Results TIPS-LPV group showed 12 months higher patency rate (90.7% compared to 73.2%) (P < 0.005). The number of the encephalopathy attacks in the TIPS-LPV group was significantly lower than that of the TIPS-RPV group at 6 and 12 months of follow-up [P = 0.012 and 0.036, respectively]. Re-bleeding and improvement of ascites were the same in the two groups [P > 0.05]. Patients underwent TIPS-LPV needed less re-interventions and required less hospitalizations than those with TIPS-RPV [P = 0.039 and P = 0.03, respectively]. Conclusion The new TIPS approach is to extend the stent to LPV. This new TIPS-LPV approach showed the same clinical efficiency as the standard TIPS-RPV in treating variceal bleeding and ascites. However, it proved a better stent patency with lower rates of re-interventions, encephalopathy, and hospital admissions than TIPS through the right branch.