Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity in Zebrafish Larva (Danio rerio): Protective Role of Hericium erinaceus

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a secondary metabolite produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, has been found among various foods as well as in fish feed. However, the effects of AFB1 on fish development and its associated toxic mechanism are still unclear. In the present study, we confirmed the morphological alterations in zebrafish embryos and larvae after exposure to different AFB1 doses as well as the oxidative stress pathway that is involved. Furthermore, we evaluated the potentially protective effect of Hericium erinaceus extract, one of the most characterized fungal extracts, with a focus on the nervous system. Treating the embryos 6 h post fertilization (hpf) with AFB1 at 50 and 100 ng/mL significantly increased oxidative stress and induced malformations in six-day post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae. The evaluation of lethal and developmental endpoints such as hatching, edema, malformations, abnormal heart rate, and survival rate were evaluated after 96 h of exposure. Hericium inhibited the morphological alterations of the larvae as well as the increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In conclusion: our study suggests that a natural extract such as Hericium may play a partial role in promoting antioxidant defense systems and may contrast lipid peroxidation in fish development by counteracting the AFB1 toxicity mechanism.

PENGOLAHAN TEPUNG IKAN DARI LIMBAH IKAN DI DESA REGEMUK KECAMATAN PANTAI LABU KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

AbstrakPermasalahan limbah ikan pada saat jumlah ikan berlimpah dan membusuk di Desa Regemuk dapat diatasi dengan pengolahan limbah ikan menjadi tepung ikan bernilai ekonomi melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah: 1) Persiapan sosialisasi kegiatan, 2) Pelatihan yaitu: pengolahan tepung ikan, pengemasan dan pemasaran produk, manajemen adminstrasi dan keuangan 3) Pendampingan terhadap kualitas produk yang dihasilkan dan 4) Evaluasi pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa pemahaman terhadap tepung ikan menjadi pakan ternak sebesar 100 %. Sebelumnya pelaksanaan kegiatan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap pengolahan tepung ikan melalui teknologi sebesar 22,22 % dan setelah kegiatan menjadi 83,33%, Pemahaman terhadap pengemasan produk tepung ikan sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan sebesar 16,67 % dan setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan menjadi 77,78%, Pemahaman terhadap administrasi dan keuangan pengelolaan usaha sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan sebesar 5,56 % dan setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan menjadi 77,78% dan Respon pengembangan usaha tepung ikan sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan sebesar 44,44 % dan setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan menjadi 94,44%. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat pengolahan tepung ikan dari limbah ikan mampu menjadi peluang usaha dan memiliki nilai ekonomi dalam rangka meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Selanjutnya melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat mampu memberikan nilai positif terhadap pemahaman dan kapaasitas diri dan keterampilan mengolah tepung ikan, melakukan pengemasan dan menerapkan adminsitrasi keuangan untuk mengembangkan usaha.Kata kunci: Tepung ikan, limbah ikan, Pengabdian kepada masyarakatAbstractThe problem of fish waste when the number of fish are abundant and decaying in Regemuk Village can be solved by processing the fish waste into fish meal with economic value through the community devotion activity to the society. Methodology for this community devotion activity are: 1) preparation of socialization activity, 2) Training: fish meal flour, packaging and product marketing, administration management and finance 3) Assistance to product quality and 4) Evaluation of implementation of community devotion activity. The results of this activity are the understanding on fish meal can used be animal feed is 100%. Before the implementation of this activity people understand about fish meal can be proceed by appropriate technology is 22.22% and after the activity is 83.33%. The understanding on the packaging of fish meal products before the implementation is around 16,67% and after activity become 77,78%. The understanding on administration and finance of business management before implementation is 5,56% and after activity become 77,78% and fish development business expansion before activity 44,44% and after the activity up to 94.44%. The implementation of community devotion activity on fish meal processing from fish waste can be a business opportunity and has an economic value in order to improve the economy of the community. Furthermore, through the devotion activity the community are able to give positive value toward the understanding on their skill and self-capacity to process fish meal, packaging and implementing financial administration to develop their business.Keywords: Fish flour, fish waste, Community devotion activity

STUDY ON FEEDING HABIT AND FEED SPECTRUM OF SMALLSCALE CROAKER Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker, 1858)

Smallscale croaker Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker, 1858) is a fish with good flesh and large commercial size, which has brought about high economic value. The study on feeding habit and feed spectrum of smallscale croaker was conducted from May 2016 to April 2017 on the Bassac river. The results showed that the mouth of this fish was wide with a slant mouth-incision and teeth on jaws developed well; Its gill rakers were sparse, short and hard. Its esophagus was short with thick and folded wall; Its stomach was a long sac expanded posteriorly with a thick and folded wall; Pyloric caeca were 5-9 one-closed-end tubes attached to the connection between the stomach and intestine; Its intestine was short, folded with a thick wall. The relative length of gut (RLG) which was less than 1 indicated that Smallscale croaker was a carnivorous animal. Feed items in the stomach of the fish included crustaceans, small fish, molluscs and polychaetes. There was a change in the feed spectrum at different stages of fish development. In particular, main preys of the young smallscale croaker were crustaceans while those of the mature one were small fish.

Fluctuating Asymmetry of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Genteng Fish Hatchery Center, Banyuwangi

Fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral meristic characteristic is one of the simple methods that can be used to determine the stability of an individual fish development. This study aims to provide quantitative information about the level of asymmetry red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Genteng Fish Hatchery Center through bilateral meristic characteristic observation. The number of fish used in this study is 100 fish which have a measurement of 5-7 cm. Bilateral meristic characteristic observed is the number of soft pectoral fins, the number of soft pelvic fins, and the number of scales on the lateral line. The results show that the highest value of the fluctuating asymmetry magnitude (FAm) and fluctuating asymmetry number (FAn) are obtained at the number of scales on the lateral line those are 3.71 and 0.86. Furthermore, on soft pectoral fins, the FAm value obtained is 1.29 and the FAn value is 0.58. Meanwhile, the lowest FAm and FAn values obtained from the soft ventral fins which are 0.93 and 0.50. The overall FAm value is 5.93 and the overall FAn value is 1.94.