Recent advances in visible light-activated radical coupling reactions triggered by (i) ruthenium, (ii) iridium and (iii) organic photoredox agents

Visible light-activated reactions continue to expand and diversify. The example shown here is a Birch reduction achieved by organophotoredox reagents.

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Alkylated 1,4-Cyclohexadiene Esters Using Epimeric Pyrroloimidazolones

A pair of ortho-benzoate esters containing epimeric pyrroloimidazolones undergo sequential Birch reduction and diastereoselective alkylation to provide products ranging from 88:12 to >95:5 diastereomeric ratio (dr) for the syn-epimer, and 50:50 to 95:5 dr for the anti-epimer. The stereochemistry of the products is confirmed by a combination of X-ray crystallography on a key anti-epimer-derived product, in combination with specific rotation measurements of enantiomers that are prepared from the syn or anti starting materials. A diastereomerically pure allyl-substituted substrate is shown to undergo Cope rearrangement, which transposes the quaternary chiral center to a remote position without racemization. This work is complementary to asymmetric reductive alkylation reported previously by Schultz using anisole substrates with chiral benzamide auxiliaries in that the pyrroloimidazolones act as surrogates for the methoxy group.