Examining Benchmarks for the Daily Report Card Intervention in a Therapeutic Recreational Setting

Objective: This study aimed to (1) examine benchmarks for the benefits of the Daily Report Card (DRC) within a therapeutic recreation setting, that is, the Summer Treatment Program (STP) and (2) explore differences in baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes among optimal and suboptimal responders. Benchmarks were examined for children’s DRC target behaviors using standardized mean difference (SMD) effect sizes (ES) across 2-week periods of the STP. Method: Participants were 38 children attending an STP. Results: Aside from teasing, all DRC targets showed improvement by the second 2-week period that was sustained through the third 2-week period. Optimal responders demonstrated greater improvement in parent-rated impairment and camp behaviors than suboptimal responders. Some baseline differences between responder groups were found. Conclusion: This study provides the first benchmarks for change in DRC targets within a therapeutic recreational setting, offering guidelines for treatment expectations. Implications for clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and future research are discussed.

An investigation into the psychosocial impact of therapeutic recreation summer camp for youth with serious illness and disability

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the impact on emotional, social, physical and educational functioning of a therapeutic recreation camp provided by ‘Over The Wall’, a UK charity for children and young people with chronic illness or disability. Method Two hundred and sixty four people registered to attend camp were sent the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version Child Self-Report Scale before camp, immediately after camp, 1 month after camp and 3 months after camp. Results Of those invited to participate, 178 children completed the pre-camp survey (67% response rate). Of those, 105 completed both the post-camp 1 and pre-camp questionnaires (59% of pre-camp respondents), and 60 of those participants subsequently completed the 1-month post-camp questionnaire as well (34% of pre-camp respondents). Only 32 participants completed the 3-month follow-up data (18% of pre-camp respondents). Across the first three timepoints (pre-Camp, post-Camp and 1 month follow-up), a repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant improvement in emotional and social functioning, but not physical or school functioning ( p < 0.05). Post-hoc analyses on pre-camp and post-camp scores revealed small-medium effect sizes of 0.317 and 0.272 for emotional and social functioning, respectively. Discussion The therapeutic recreation summer camp provided for children and young people with health challenges had a significant, positive impact on emotional and social functioning. Such camps can therefore be considered as having empirical support for their aims. Further work is warranted to increase the response rate to establish the longer term impact of the camps and the wider impact of the camps on the wider family.

Social Prescribing and Therapeutic Recreation: Making the Connection

An increasing number of people are experiencing social isolation and loneliness and this trend is becoming cause for concern around the world. Considering that isolation and loneliness give rise to a number of health problems, it is essential to find innovative ways to address this issue. One such approach is to enhance experiences of belonging within communities. Social prescribing (SP) is a method that can promote belonging by connecting people to the social support they need. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential relationship that can exist between therapeutic recreation (TR) and SP. As we explain, TR can complement SP efforts by ensuring people have access to inclusive, social leisure and recreation opportunities. In this sense, TR professionals are well positioned to be key players in SP processes. We contend that TR practice is best positioned to work in tangent with SP to nurture socially connected communities when it focuses on building community capacity, facilitates welcoming and inclusive leisure and recreation experiences that foster regular social interaction, and adopts principles of community development as part of a social justice model of practice.

“There is Always Progress to Be Made”: Reflective Narratives on Outdoor Therapeutic Recreation for Mental Health Support

Due to the marginalizing effects of mental illness, the stories of individuals in early recovery from various mental health diagnoses are often invalidated. To address this concern, complementary modalities (e.g., massage therapy, naturopathy, arts-based therapy, horticulture therapy) have emerged alongside the fields of therapeutic recreation, psychotherapy, and outdoor-based practices. Less is known about how social/community approaches to practice are used within in-patient care settings to complement more traditional modalities (i.e., cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), talk-based therapy, trauma exposure therapy, pharmaceutical medication etc.). The current research project aimed to understand individuals’ experiences and reflections of engaging in an outdoor experiential workshop while seeking in-patient care for post-traumatic stress disorder and substance-use disorder. Narrative inquiry was the methodological approach we used to illuminate the voice in the cracks (Jackson & Mazzei, 2005), voices that are often left out of dominant medical discourses, to be heard. Focus groups and in-depth semi-structured narrative life-experience interviews were used to story individuals’ reflections of early recovery while participating in an outdoor experiential workshop beyond the conventional boundaries and structures of medicine-focused in-patient care.

Leisure and the Therapeutic Relationship: Contributing to Meaningful Lives

The primary goal of human beings is creating meaningful, healthy lives out of their existence, a task tailored to therapeutic recreation (TR). In this article, the core elements of TR, leisure and the helping relationship between professionals and service recipients, are examined through the lens of hermeneutic phenomenology. Hermeneutic phenomenology is a philosophical perspective centered on understanding how people interpret and assign meanings to lived experiences. Applying the philosophical perspective to TR, leisure generates meaningful experiences that therapeutic recreation specialists (TRSs) and service recipients collaboratively weave into personal narratives. The result is service recipients living well and flourishing. Conceiving of TR in this manner entails that our services are germane for all people.

A Personal Narrative Conveying Human Flourishing

Human flourishing is gaining recognition and support as a central aim of therapeutic recreation (TR) services. However, missing from the extant scholarly literature are concrete, extensive depictions of people with disabilities who are living well. This is a critical omission because people need to be aware there are a multitude of avenues that lead to flourishing and that what flourishing looks like can differ from person to person. Furnishing portrayals of living well helps people grasp the diversity associated with flourishing and enables them to select and pursue a particular portrayal or meld multiple portrayals into a composite best suited to them and their environments. This article begins addressing the deficit by presenting a detailed portrait of human flourishing via a personal narrative. The text also discusses practical applications associated with using the personal narrative method and concludes with future objectives.