Power Theory of Exchange and Money

Modern exchange theories model a large market, but do not explain single exchanges. This paper considers the phenomenon of single exchange and formulates the general exchange problem in the form of a system of two equations, subjective and objective. Subjective equilibrium is given by the Walras–Jevons marginal utility equation. Objective equilibrium equations by Walras and Jevons are averaged over all transactions in the market and can only give a rough general picture without explaining the specific price of an individual exchange. An exchange micro-condition must be found that, when averaged, will give the Walras market equilibrium macro-condition. The study of the internal structure of exchange leads to the need to consider power. The concept of generalized power is introduced. It is generalized power that serves as the primary comparable and measurable objective basis of exchange. The power theory of exchange provides the objective price-equation. It is demonstrated that money is a measure of generalized power in exchange and a certification of generalized power in subsequent exchanges. This methodology is based on an interdisciplinary analysis of an abstract exchange model in the form of a system of equations. The proposed theory is able to uniformly explain any exchange, including a single one, which is impossible with the existing theories of exchange.

A calculation method of transmission efficiency for RV reducer

RV reducer is the core component of industrial robot. It is of great significance to raise the transmission efficiency of RV reducer for improving the transmission performance of industrial robot. RV reducer belongs to the 2K-V type planetary gear train and consists of an equal speed ratio mechanism. Therefore, according to the structural characteristics of RV reducer, the virtual power theory and split power theory are adopted, and a calculation method of transmission efficiency for RV reducer is proposed. Firstly, the structure of a common RV reducer is introduced. Related structural analysis, kinematic analysis, and loaded analysis are given. Secondly, RV reducer is represented by the method of graph theory. By the virtual power theory and split power theory, the power flow direction is determined, and the values of split powers are calculated. Finally, according to the graph representation for RV reducer and the calculation principle of meshing power loss of planetary gear, the power losses of meshing gear pairs are calculated, respectively. According to the input and output values described in graph representation of RV reducer, the formula of transmission efficiency for RV reducer is derived. The calculation of transmission efficiency for RV-40E reducer is considered as an example. The result is compared with previous work on the subject, and the relations between design parameters and transmission efficiency of RV reducer are discussed.

Study On The Situation Between France And The South China Sea From The Perspective Of Balance Of Power Theory

ABSTRACT With the rise of China and the escalation of tension between China and the United States, European countries led by Britain, France and Germany pay increasing attention to the regional situation in the Asia-Pacific (now known as "Indo-Pacific"). Among them, the South China Sea (SCS) is one of the main areas disputed by China, the United States, Southeast Asian countries and some European countries. Western countries are worried that the rise of China's military power will break the stability of the situation in SCS and alter the balance of power among major powers. Therefore, they tried to balance China's rise through alliance. In France's Indo-Pacific strategy, France aims to build a regional order with the alliance of France, India and Australia as the core, and regularly carry out military exercises targeting SCS with the United States, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. This paper aims to study the activities and motivation of France in the South China Sea, and put the situation in SCS under the perspective of Balance of Power Theory, focusing on China, America and France. It will be argued that great powers are carefully maintaining the balance of military power in SCS, and it is highly possible that this trend would still last in the middle and long term, particularly via military deployment and strategic alliances. KEYWORDS: South China Sea, France, China, Balance of Power theory, Indo-Pacific.

Power Theory of Exchange and Money

Modern exchange theories model a large market, but do not explain single exchange. The paper considers the phenomenon of single exchange and formulates the general exchange problem in the form of a system of two equations, subjective and objective. Subjective equilibrium is given by the Walras-Jevons marginal utility equation. Objective equilibrium equations by Walras and Jevons are averaged over all transactions in the market and can only give a rough general picture without explaining the specific price of an individual exchange. An exchange micro-condition must be found that, when averaged, will give the Walras market equilibrium macro-condition. The study of the internal structure of exchange leads to the need to consider power. The concept of generalized power is introduced. It is generalized power that serves as the primary comparable and measurable objective basis of exchange. The power theory of exchange provides the objective price-equation. It is demonstrated that money is a measure of generalized power in exchange and a certification of generalized power in subsequent exchanges. The proposed theory is able to uniformly explain any exchange, including a single one, which is impossible with the existing theories of exchange.