Rapid recalibration of temporal order judgements: Response bias accounts for contradictory results

Recent findings indicate that timing perception is systematically changed after only a single presentation of temporal asynchrony. This effect is known as rapid recalibration. In the synchrony judgement task, similar timing relationships in consecutive trials seem more synchronous (positive rapid recalibration; Van der Burg et al., 2013, 2015). Interestingly, the direction of this effect is reversed for temporal order judgements (negative rapid recalibration; Roseboom, 2019). We aimed to determine whether negative rapid recalibration of temporal order judgements (TOJs) reflects genuine rapid temporal recalibration, or a choice-repetition bias unrelated to timing perception. In our first experiment we found no evidence of rapid recalibration of TOJs, but positive rapid recalibration of associated confidence. This suggests that timing perception had rapidly recalibrated, but that this was undetectable in TOJs, plausibly because the positive recalibration effect was obfuscated by a large negative bias effect. In our second experiment, we dissociated participants’ previous TOJ from the most recently presented timing relationship, mitigating the choice-repetition bias effect, and found evidence of positive rapid recalibration of TOJs. We therefore conclude that timing perception is rapidly recalibrated positively for both synchrony and temporal order judgements. It remains unclear whether rapid recalibration occurs at the level of sensory processing, leading to similar effects in all subsequent judgements, or reflects a generalised decision-making strategy.