Pakistan’s Indus Diplomacy: From Troubled Waters to a Troubled Treaty

This article analyzes six major crises in Pakistan’s Indus diplomacy which shaped Pakistan’s water (in)security vis-à-vis upstream rival India on the Indus river system. These include first, when Pakistan failed to comply with the Standstill Agreement of 1947; second, when it signed the Inter-Dominion Agreement; third, when it acquiesced to the Nehru-Lilienthal-favored functional approach to the Indus water dispute in 1951; fourth, when the World Bank Proposal of 1954 apportioned exclusive use of the Western Rivers to Pakistan and the Eastern Rivers to India, but Pakistan delayed accepting the Proposal; fifth, when India secured rights on the Western Rivers in the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960; and sixth, several challenges that have emerged under the Indus Waters Treaty.

The Hydropolitics of the Indus Waters Treaty: A Critical Perspective

This paper discusses the hydro politics of the Indus Waters Treaty from a critical perspective. Many analysts and commentators from both India and Pakistan expressed displeasure with the treaty on the grounds of allotting more waters to the contending party. The Indian side is displeased with 'restricted' rights on western rights, whereas the Pakistani side laments the Indian rights on the western rivers as detrimental to its water security. Neutral experts consider the Indus Waters Treaty as an instance of successful water dispute resolution. However, the treaty's failure to account for future implications of the climate change for water supply and surging population for water demand as well as the absence of the other co-riparians of China and Afghanistan from the treaty and its failure to hardwire enough safeguards to ensure Kashmiri's needs are met from the waters add to the stresses and strains in the Indus Waters Treaty.

Populist Mobilization, Role of Political Elites and Anti-Centre Campaign in Recent Tamil Politics in India

Tamil politics in India has an enduring characteristic of a sub-nationalist orientation which,<br>sometimes, bares with the populist mobilization by the political parties of Tamil Nadu. Recently,<br>the working president of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, one of the prominent political parties of<br>Tamil Nadu, recycles the issue of Dravida Nadu, a hypothetical land for the Tamils own based<br>on their ethnonational identity, which had been dropped almost 55 years ago. Dravida Nadu<br>highlights the linguistic, cultural and ethnonational resistance against north-Indian dominated<br>pan-Indian nationalism. Cauvery water dispute, debate over Jallikattu, anti-Hindi stance, and<br>protest against the terms of reference of the Fifteenth Finance Commission are the signs of anticentre<br>campaign in Tamil politics and being used not only for upholding Tamil cultural<br>nationalism but for mobilizing the people in electoral combat zone in Tamil Nadu.

Populist Mobilization, Role of Political Elites and Anti-Centre Campaign in Recent Tamil Politics in India

Tamil politics in India has an enduring characteristic of a sub-nationalist orientation which,<br>sometimes, bares with the populist mobilization by the political parties of Tamil Nadu. Recently,<br>the working president of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, one of the prominent political parties of<br>Tamil Nadu, recycles the issue of Dravida Nadu, a hypothetical land for the Tamils own based<br>on their ethnonational identity, which had been dropped almost 55 years ago. Dravida Nadu<br>highlights the linguistic, cultural and ethnonational resistance against north-Indian dominated<br>pan-Indian nationalism. Cauvery water dispute, debate over Jallikattu, anti-Hindi stance, and<br>protest against the terms of reference of the Fifteenth Finance Commission are the signs of anticentre<br>campaign in Tamil politics and being used not only for upholding Tamil cultural<br>nationalism but for mobilizing the people in electoral combat zone in Tamil Nadu.