AKULTURASI ISLAM DENGAN BUDAYA DI PULAU JAWA

Abstrak – Islam brought changes in cultural acculturation including tombstones, literary arts, performing arts and carving arts. Besides having a lot of influence in the field of art, Islamic teachings also affect the nature and habits of the people on the island of Java. Acculturation between Islam and culture on the island of Java occurs in many ways, the most visible of which is the work of carving. The occurrence of acculturation between Islamic teachings and Javanese culture does not cause the loss of previous cultural values, but enriches cultural diversity in Indonesia. The process of the entry of Islam into Indonesia has influenced and experienced cultural acculturation with local culture, especially Javanese culture. There are so many results or forms of acculturation between Islamic religious teachings and Javanese culture, starting from the history of the entry of Islam in the archipelago through the services of the Songo guardians and cultural developments from time to time, starting from human civilization in the archipelago, especially the island of Java, the history of the Dutch and Japanese colonial times. , the era of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms to the Islamic kingdoms on the island of Java which we can still see its legacy to this day. In writing this study, we discuss examples of the results of acculturation of Javanese culture such as building art, carving art and literary arts with Islamic teachings and the influence of the acculturation results of these two values ​​and cultures. Abstrak – Islam membawa perubahan akulturasi budaya diantaranya pada batu nisan, seni sastra, seni pertunjukan dan seni ukir. Selain banyak mempengaruhi dalam bidang seni ajaran islam juga mempengaruhi sifat serta kebiasaan masyarakat di pulau jawa. Akulturasi antara islam dan kebudayaan di pulau jawa terjadi dalam banyak hal diantaranya yang paling terlihat yaitu hasil karya seni ukir. Terjadinya akulturasi antara ajaran islam dan kebudayaan masyarakat jawa tersebut tidak menyebabkan hilangnya nilai kebudayaan sebelumnya, tetapi memperkaya keanekaragaman budaya di Indonesia. Proses masuknya Islam ke Indonesia telah mempengaruhi serta mengalami akulturasi budaya dengan budaya lokal, khususnya budaya Jawa. Banyak sekali hasil atau wujud akulturasi antara ajaran agama islam dan budaya jawa, berawal dari sejarah masuknya Islam di nusantara melalui jasa para wali songo dan perkembangan budaya dari masa ke masa, mulai dari peradaban manusia di nusantara khususnya pulau jawa, sejarah masa kolonial belanda dan jepang, zaman kerajaan hindu-budha hingga kerajaan-kerajaan islam di pulau jawa yang masih dapat kita lihat peninggalannya sampai saat ini. Pada penulisan penelitian ini membahas tentang contoh hasil akulturasi kebudayaan jawa seperti seni bangunannya, seni ukir dan seni sastra dengan ajaran agama islam serta pengaruh dari hasil akulturasi kedua nilai dan budaya tersebut.

Imprints of the Archaeology of Northern Nigeria

The book sheds new light on socio-cultural developments of northern Nigeria in the last 2000 years relying mainly on primary data obtained through excavations, archives and oral sources. It studies the socio-political setting of past populations situated between the historical Kanem-Borno empire and Hausa states. The research utilizes frontier theory to understand social relationships.

Bad Ideas and Deplorable Politics

This chapter discusses the grave failures these textbooks see in the nineteenth century. They attack Darwin and make anti-evolution a touchstone of good and evil. But the greatest danger of the nineteenth century was the acceptance of biblical modernism as a new way to understand and interpret Scripture. It was not literal, did not subscribe to inerrancy, and relied on historical and linguistic study. Germany’s adoption of the historical, critical study of Scripture leads to its later destruction in World War II. When human beings adopted ideas and policies intended to redress social ills, they were subscribing to the false philosophies of Darwinism, socialism, or Marxism. While these curricula denounce Marx, they blame liberalism for the political excesses of the revolutions of 1830 and 1848. Rebellion, never sanctioned by God, is anathema. The chapter places these critiques in the context of evangelical responses to nineteenth-century cultural developments.

The Literary History of the Sahel

This chapter examines the singular relation between literature and politics as developed in the Sahel, and traces the specific literary configurations and cultural developments that derived from this relationship. In the wake of decolonization, and perhaps in contrast to other regions of the continent, the literary has dominated the cultural and political milieus of the Sahel, determined the political orientations of the newly emancipated territories at independence, and defined their cultural and social evolution. This relation to the literary has translated into the multiplication of solid literary networks, noticeable literary affinities and communities, and stimulated distinctive literary practices with the ambition of creating spaces in which literary dynamics and practices served social and political developments.

Reflections on The American Renaissance 1876–1917 exhibition

ABSTRACT This article considers the origins, both scholarly and personal, of The American Renaissance 1876–1917 exhibition (1979) and the accompanying book catalogue, setting them in the context of architectural and cultural developments in the United States from the 1940s to the 1970s. It traces how the exhibition came about, what it was trying to achieve and how it was received, both at the time and subsequently. It shows that the exhibition was not conceived as an attack on modernism as such or as a work of architectural conservatism. Rather, it was an attempt to rescue from obscurity an entire chapter of American architectural history that had been excluded by the modernising narratives of Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Vincent Scully and others, and to reassess what this architecture might contribute to the present.

COMPUTER MODELING IN ARCHAEOLOGY: THE CASE OF BRONZE AND IRON AGE MONUMENTAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF ARMENIA

The given contribution is devoted to the problem of computer modeling in archaeology. The territory of the Republic of Armenia is chosen as a target zone for investigations, which is considered in the context of historical and cultural developments of the neighboring countries. The chronological range of the given study is the Bronze and Iron Ages (3rd-1st millennia BC). Тhe principles of computer modeling are applicable to the investigation of monumental architecture (fortifications, towers, cairns, kites, kurgans, dolmens), aiming at reconstructing both the complexes of the monuments and the historical landscape.

The Greek Alphabet in South-East Italy

The Greek alphabet in Sicily and southern Italy was widely used as a medium for writing in a variety of non-Greek languages. The non-Greek populations of the western Mediterranean do not simply receive and adopt the Greek alphabet uncritically. This chapter examines the development of writing in the Greek alphabet in south-east Italy, a region of considerable cultural diversity, and one which had many contacts with the Greek communities of Italy. Despite early contact with the Greeks of Tarentum and elsewhere, writing is not adopted in significant quantity until the fourth to third centuries BC. The smaller group of earlier inscriptions show a markedly different character. The chapter discusses the development of writing in this region in the context of the wider cultural developments of the fifth to third centuries BC. In particular, it explores the role of writing in the development of different types of identity (local, personal, and ethnic).

Introduction

In the Introduction I offer a selective summary of the argument of Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality, placing particular emphasis on my interpretation of the genealogical method that it defines and employs, and on two of that method’s constituent features: its indebtedness to the value system it is used to criticize, and its inherent susceptibility to genealogical development. This allows me to introduce and justify the nature of my own attempt to elaborate upon Nietzsche’s concluding treatment of the ascetic ideal to include cultural developments after his death.

Domesticating the Baroque

ít‘Domesticating’ as a process shows how a larger cultural shift—in this case, that of the Counter-Reformation—became something quotidian, everyday, accessible, and realized on the ground. It was a process by which new cultural developments became part of a broader mentalité. The focus of this chapter is to examine the concrete ways in which Catholic culture was domesticated in burgher homes over the seventeenth century. It examines how Counter-Reformation styles and themes permeated domestic objects, how Counter-Reformation images were newly integrated into domestic scenes, and how new materials contributed to the diversification of Catholic material culture at the end of the seventeenth century in a constant negotiation between ‘official’ and lay demands. From the material evidence—rose motifs, a cold-enamel painted glass beaker, and agnus dei made from a range of materials—emerges a fascinating coalescence of old and new forms of devotion that exemplifies the interplay between local and universal. It represents diversification and elaboration in the formation of a new Baroque Catholic culture in the home that was driven as much by the laity as by the Church in the second half of the seventeenth century.

Introduction

The introduction situates the book within the broader discourse of work on the Roman conquest of Italy. It begins by discussing the theoretical underpinnings and methodological considerations of the work. After a historiographical discussion of “Romanization studies,” it mentions three models that will be drawn on in the work (those of Mattingly, Barrett, and Terrenato). It then discusses the importance of the spread of Hellenistic culture throughout Italy for studies of the Roman conquest. Next, it examines recent regional studies of the Roman conquest of Italy, particularly in central and southern Italy. It brings up three key questions that will be addressed in the work: How did Larinum’s participation in the broader Hellenistic koiné contribute to its integration into the Roman state? What forms of Roman influence spread to Larinum during the period in question and how did they arrive there? And, in what ways do the changes in Larinum’s material record reflect broader cultural developments both at the site and within its territory? It makes the case for Larinum’s being a prime candidate for this type of study by laying out the available evidence for the creation of a site biography before ending with an overview of the main argument of the book.