Asylum Claims based on Sexual Orientation: A Review of Psycho-legal Issues in Credibility Assessments

The number of people seeking asylum based on their sexual orientation is expected to continue increasing. Assessing the credibility of such claims to determine whether asylum-seekers meet the criteria for refugee status is a complex task for asylum officials. These assessments involve several psychological aspects, affecting applicants’ disclosure and asylum officials’ determinations. Here, we present a systematic literature search and review of 47 original manuscripts to analyze credibility assessments in asylum claims based on sexual orientation. We demonstrate that asylum officials often make assumptions regarding human sexuality, sexual identity formation and sexual behavior that are either partially or entirely unsupported by psychological research. These assumptions are problematic as they undermine the validity of the asylum process and put vulnerable individuals at risk of severe harm. The challenges are aggravated in the cross-cultural context of asylum determinations, where applicants from different countries may manifest their sexual orientation in ways that deviate from Western expectations. We discuss the implications of our review’s findings for psychological research and asylum practice.

Representation of an Asian-Australian Gay in Hsu-Ming Teo’s Behind the Moon

This paper examines how a novel Behind the Moon (2005) provides literary representations of an Asian migrant’s transforming sexual identities in Australia. Applying Morris’s concept of a “politics of surveillance,” it argues that approaches of strict control leads to an initial clash of cultures, and ultimately either to mutual transformation or a reinforcement of lack of agency/sexual difference. The analysis shows that the novel displays aspects of the cultural complexities of sexual identity formation regarding the character’s identity as an Asian homosexual in Australia. As to transformation setting, the city is a spatial metaphor for cultural confinement and surveillance.

Changes in Parent–Child Relationships and Religious Views in Parents of LGB Youth Postdisclosure

“Coming out” refers to disclosing one’s nonheterosexual identity to another person. Disclosure to family members is one of the most important and difficult milestones in sexual identity formation. This is a study of the experiences of Christian parents whose children came out as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. The study examined the changes in parent–child relationships and the parents’ Christian beliefs across three time points: before disclosure, in the couple months directly following disclosure, and at the time of the interview.