Automation of Marketing Processes and the Discovery of Knowledge for CRM

The general perspective of the chapter is focused on discovering marketing knowledge based on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems. The question is: “How to do automate processes in the implemented CRM system to discover the knowledge that is useful for marketing?” It is a natural question because the stored data creates a large volume and it is difficult to set up a marketing with hands. This chapter focuses on finding the necessary product specifications to automate the marketing needs this CRM system must offer to be optimal in today's modern global society. The existing controversy is between IT for everyday use, real IT capabilities, human skills, and knowledge to support more complex implemented processes. Emphasis is placed on automation and intelligence. The analysis shows that CRM systems are interested in managing customer relationships in the form of a single agent or process to perform the necessary actions using implemented algorithms that utilize various intelligence, statistical methods, multi-criteria decision-making, and automated learning predictions.

Troubleshooting Gas Dehydration Systems Using Data Analysis

The objective of this paper is to showcase the successful and innovative troubleshooting data analysis techniques to operate a TEG dehydration system optimally and reduce glycol loss and to meet the product specifications in one of the gas dehydration systems in an upstream gas oil separation plant (GOSP). The gas dehydration system using Triethylene Glycol (TEG) is the most widely used and reliable gas dehydration system in upstream operation. These proven data analysis techniques were used to tackle major and chronic issues associated with gas dehydration system operation that lead to excessive glycol losses, glycol degradation, and off-specification products. Glycol loss is the most important operating problem in the gas dehydration system and it represents a concern to the operation personnel. Most dehydration units are designed for a loss of less than 1 pound of glycol per million standard cubic feet of natural gas treated, depending on the TEG contactor operating temperature. In this paper, comprehensive data analysis of the potential root causes that aggravate undesired glycol losses degradation and off-specification products will be discussed along with solutions to minimize the expected impact. For example, operating the absorption vessel (contactor) or still column at high temperature will increase the glycol loss by vaporization. Also, the glycol losses occurring in the glycol regenerator section are usually caused by excessive reboiler temperature, which causes vaporization or thermal decomposition of glycol (TEG). In addition, excessive top temperature in the still column allows vaporized glycol to escape from the still column with the water vapor. Excessive contactor operating temperature could be the result of malfunction glycol cooler or high TEG flow rate. This paper will focus on a detailed case study in one of the running TEG systems at a gas-oil separation plant.

The Importance of Data Reliability and Usability When Assessing Impacts of Marine Mineral Oil Spills

Spilled mineral oils in the marine environment pose a number of challenges to sampling and analysis. Mineral oils are complex assemblages of hydrocarbons and additives, the composition of which can vary considerably depending on the source oil and product specifications. Further, the marine microbial and chemical environment can be harsh and variable over short times and distances, producing a rigorous source of hydrocarbon degradation of a mineral oil assemblage. Researchers must ensure that any measurements used to determine the nature and extent of the oil release, the fate and transport of the mineral oil constituents, and any resultant toxicological effects are derived using representative data that adhere to the study’s data quality objectives (DQOs). The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for crafting obtainable DQOs and provide insights into producing reliable results that properly underpin researchers’ findings when scrutinized by others.