On the performance of US fiscal forecasts: government vs. private information

PurposeThis paper contributes to shed light on the quality and performance of US fiscal forecasts.Design/methodology/approachThe first part inspects the causes of official fiscal forecasts revisions by Congressional Budget Office (CBO) between 1984 and 2016 that are due to technical, economic or policy reasons.FindingsBoth individual and cumulative means of forecast errors are relatively close to zero, particularly in the case of expenditures. CBO averages indicate net average downward revenue and expenditure revisions and net average upward deficit revisions. Focusing on the causes of the technical component, the authors uncover that its revisions are quite unpredictable, which cast doubts on inferences about fiscal policy sustainability that rely on point estimates. Comparing official with private-sector (consensus) forecasts, despite the informational advantages CBO might have, one cannot unequivocally say that one or the other is more accurate. Evidence also seems to suggest that CBO forecasts are consistently heavily biased toward optimism while this is less the case for consensus forecasts. Not only is the extent of information rigidity is more prevalent in CBO forecasts but also evidence seems to indicate that consensus forecasts dominate CBO in terms of information content.Originality/valueThe authors provide a detailed analysis on US fiscal forecasts both using revenue and expenditure and decomposing forecast errors into several explanatory components. Moreover, the authors compare official with private-sector (consensus) forecasts and assess which one is better or preferred.

O Impacto da Política Fiscal nos Spreads dos Países Emergentes

Country risk or sovereign spreads affect directly the investment of companies and sovereigns, being an important figure to domestic interest rates and to economic growth. This paper analyzes the impact of fiscal policy on the determinants of the sovereign risk of 23 emerging market countries between 1995-2008. The results associate lower spreads to fiscal austerity, i.e. an accumulation of primary budget surplus that keeps the debt to GDP ratio constant over time. An increase of 1% on primary budget surplus decreases the spreads around 50 basis point. It evidences that fiscal policy sustainability plays a relevant role in determining the sovereign spreads besides contributing as a policy that mitigates external shocks.