The Meaning of Carnival Expel Epidemic Covid-19: Case Study Community Kelenteng Hian Thian Sian Tee and Hok Tek Bio in Welahan Jepara Central Java

This paper is based on writings that are description Khonghucu people in Kelenteng Hian Thian Sian Tee (Dewa Langit) and Hok Tek Bio (Dewa Bumi) at Covid-19 era in Welahan, Jepara City, Central Java. This research based on interview and participative, observation, and literature by approach description analysis. Result, effort people Khonghucu pandemic covid-19 era heirloom carnival purpose expel the plague (pagebluk covid-19) to be comfortable safe sosial at local and national. Carnival every Saturday night until April-November 2020 and every two weeks until Desember 2020 until now. Carnival by surround the Tionghoa village and Kelenteng so far 2 kilometers. Start and finish carnival in Kelenteng Hian Thian Siang Tee Gang Pinggir Pasar No.4. This kelenteng exist 5 kimsin (Kong Co Hiang Thian Siang Tee/Patung Dewa), referensi 120 medical prescription China vertion, a sword (pedang Tiongkok), bamboo fortune telling (ciamsi) by 49 poem, Po Kiam Hip lauw (ashtray, tempat abu), a volume of medical books (tjioe hwat). The meaning ornaments for carnival black flag, sword, rupang dewa, incense (dupa), and hio.

Medical Books of the 17th–18th Centuries from the Siberian Archives: Structural-and-Grammatical Aspect

The article presents a comparative study of two medical books from the Siberian archives dating back to the 17 th –18 th centuries: Tobolsk Lechebnik (TL) kept in Tobolsk Book Depository, and Altai Lechebnik (AL) stored in Altai Museum of Local Lore – both stemming from the text of the medical book called "Prokhladnyi Vertograd (The Cool Garden)" from the collection of the Rumyantsev Museum (PV). Our findings show that Siberian medical books demonstrate different degrees of structural and grammatical transformation of the source PV text, conventionally considered by the authors of the research to be a list, which is chronologically closer to the original text. It was established that TL can be regarded as a list derived from the PV, and AL – a source reflecting a further stage in the process of text generation in the institutional medical discourse. We claim that the intentional and grammatical perspective of the medical text formation is associated with the modal variability of verbal lexemes: the prevailing in PV and TL personal verb forms reflect the presence of the subject of speech as an agent in special communication; in AL these are replaced by infinitives which transform the real modality of the message about an action "from experience" (in PV and TL) into a syntactic categorical imperative.It was also determined that the subject of the action expressed by personal verb forms is typically generalized (in this case, special actions of the doctor and the patient can be detected through the difference in the verbal lexemes). The subject is not grammatically defined with the infinitive verb forms.

The museum of the History of Medicine of Vilnius University

The museum of medicine of Vilnius university is one of the unique museums devoted to the issues of medicine in Lithuania. It was created out of the clinical practice by Vilnius university physicians. Early museum served as a curiosity cabinet as well as a teaching museum. After the closure of Vilnius university in the mid of 19th century the museum was destroyed by Tsar’s government. In the early 20th century museum was reestablished by the Polish government. The modern collections were added with craniological and osteological specimens as well as pathology exhibition. The contemporary museum was created in the last decade of 20th century. In the last period museum servers both academic and public interest. Museum includes interwar, soviet exhibits and collection of medical books.

Yawning in the history of psychiatry

Yawning is a fascinating physiological behaviour that has been poorly addressed except in old medical books. Whereas the purpose of this behaviour is still not clearly identified, the ancient authors made it a clinical symptom, especially a psychological one. After presenting some current notions about yawning, we review publications on yawning written by physicians, from antiquity to the twentieth century, and, in particular, those dealing with psychological and psychiatric aspects.

Weakening the sex

Chapter 3 addresses the link between colonial ideas on femininity and period understandings of gendered physiology. Similar to their European counterparts in that they deemed women to have a weaker constitution compared to men, medical authors in New Spain, however, began linking arguments on the female body to American environments specifically. Descriptions of physiological processes favoured stricter controls of women’s diets and behaviour under the guise of ensuring their good health. The rising numbers of European women in Mexico are reflected in the fact that the two locally printed medical books that went into second editions in the sixteenth century—Alonso López de Hinojosos’s Svmma (1578, 1592) and Agustín Farfán’s Tractado breve (1579, 1592)—both revised and abridged their first versions in order to make way for sections focused on the treatment of women and children. My analysis traces notions on gender, particularly in the case of ‘exceptional’ gestational processes resulting in 'manly women' and 'effeminate men', showing how authors in the New World brought together under a colonial prism older medical traditions that had taken divergent paths in Europe.

Conclusion

This section briefly discusses the place of sixteenth century print medical texts written by authors who resided in colonial Mexico within the larger context of the study of Latin American letters. It stresses the need to maintain a distinction between presence and influence when assessing the significance of their texts within larger cultural traditions, both in the context of colonial writing and as outputs conditioned by the logic of scientific progress moving into the seventeenth century, which saw some of the most widely disseminated sources of the previous era slip into obscurity as new medical findings superseded earlier formulations. The conclusion remarks on the important role played by this group of radicado figures who authored the print medical books of early modern Mexico, considering how they articulated intellectual positions that both anticipated and differed from later criollo responses to colonial mechanisms for marginalisation and exclusion.

Tatĕngĕr : Diagnosa dalam Usadha Bali

<p><em>Tatĕngĕr occupies a very important role in Balinese usadha. Although not exactly the same, Tatĕngĕr has similarities with diagnosis in medical treatment. In Bali there are various ways to diagnose both those that originate from oral tradition and text tradition. Sometimes between one healer and another healer has a different way to detect the patient's disease. A healer learns the diagnosis from reading traditional medical books (lontar usadha), learning from a teacher, or discovering it based on his experience.Sometimes a balian is able to detect disease through ways that are not understood by general logic, even his own reason. This phenomenon is known in Bali as a horn. Of course, how to detect this kind of disease is very difficult to teach others. Given the variety of ways of diagnosing diseases in the Balinese usadha, studies in this field can be done to the widest possible range of perspectives.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>