What Make Students Participate in School Organizations? The Role of Motivation and School Environment

This study aimed to determine the various motivations of students in participating in school organizations. These school organizations play an important role in fostering educational success and include intra-curricular and extracurricular activities. The school organizations discussed in this article were student council (known as Organisasi Siswa Intra Sekolah or OSIS) and extracurricular activities. This study consisted of a literature review. Based on the results, students’ motivation in participating in school organizations can be categorized into two types, namely internal and external motivation. Internal motivation is that which comes from within the individual, and external motivation is an influence that comes from outside the individual. The motivation of students may affect their activeness in participating in organizations and their daily activities. Keywords: student participation, motivation, school organization

Impact of Affective Factors on Senior High School Students with Low English Reading Ability

In 2017, the Ministry of Education promulgated the General High School English Curriculum Standards (2017 Edition), which stressed the importance of affective factors in English learning. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods such as student questionnaires and interviews to explore the motivational function of affective factors and its negative influence upon English reading of 80 students with low English reading ability in a high school in Jiujiang. The results of the study show that reading anxiety is common among high school students, the internal motivation for English reading is weak and the external motivation is strong, the self-efficacy of reading is not clear and firm. The study further found that the great academic pressure and high school students’ self-awareness which are subject to external environment, language and other factors cause high school students’ anxiety, the international social environment and examination system have a large impact on high school student’ external motivation. In order to improve the English reading ability of high school students, this research tries to make corresponding suggestions for teachers, students and other aspects from the perspective of affective factors. As for the English teachers, they should set up diversified activities and increase the interest of teaching content in order to promote emotions with knowledge. As for the students, they should clarify their tasks to enhance learning motivation. The school should set up mental health courses and psychological counseling room and provide psychological training for teachers. Then, parents should try to communicate with students and learn to ask for help rather than paying too much attention to students’ performance.  

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MOTIVATION OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY AMONG PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS

Представлены данные исследования внутренней и внешней мотивации профессиональной деятельности у студентов, будущих психологов. Всего в исследовании участвовали 101 студентов (очного - 41чел., заочного - 60 чел.) первого курса факультета психологии Башкирского государственного университета. Использован следующий математический аппарат: анализ среднего арифметического и стандартного отклонения, непараметрические критерии U-Манна-Уитни и Н-Крускалла-Уоллиса. The data of the study of internal and external motivation of professional activity among students, future psychologists are presented. In total, 101 students (full-time - 41 students, part-time - 60 people) of the first year of the Faculty of Psychology of Bashkir State University participated in the study. The following mathematical apparatus was used: analysis of the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, nonparametric criteria of U-Mann-Whitney and N-Kruskall-Wallis.

Motivation and compliance to type 2 diabetes mellitus diet

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of chronic diseases resulting from decreased insulin production and is characterized by an increase in glucose in the blood. Dietary adherence is one of the effective managements that can control blood sugar levels. This management requires supporting factors and one of them is motivation. This research aimed to describe the motivation and dietary compliance of patients with type 2 DM at the working area of Puskesmas Padalarang. This quantitative descriptive research used a cross-sectional approach. The samples were selected using proportional random sampling techniques. This study used the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) with the validity score 0.4821 and a diet adherence questionnaire with the validity score 0.4732. The results showed that the internal motivation of respondents was a good internal motivation with 33.3% and 66.7% had low motivation. Only 2.2% had good external motivation and almost all respondents had a low external motivation with 97.8%. Meanwhile, there were only 3.3% with a good level of adherence, 94.4% with a sufficient level of adherence and 2.2% had a poor level of diet adherence. Therefore, it is expected for Puskesmas to implement more motivational interviewing therapy to increase motivation and diet adherence in type 2 DM patients.

Sense of purpose in life and motivation, barriers, and engagement in physical activity and sedentary behavior: Test of a mediational model

Purpose in life is associated with greater engagement in physical activity. The present research ( N = 3473) addresses whether motivations and barriers to physical activity mediate this relation concurrently and prospectively early in the coronavirus pandemic. Higher purpose was associated with greater intrinsic, identified, and external motivation for physical activity and fewer barriers. Intrinsic motivation was a robust mediator of the relation between purpose and more physical activity and less sedentary behavior reported concurrently and prospectively; identified motivation mediated the relation with physical activity. Purpose in life is associated with being more physically active through both greater enjoyment and valuing its benefits.

Prejudice in disguise: Which features determine the subtlety of ethnically prejudicial statements?

In current immigration debates ethnic prejudice is often expressed in a subtle manner, which conceals its xenophobic content. However, previous research has only insufficiently examined the specific features that make certain ethnically prejudicial statements subtler, i.e., less readily identifiable as xenophobic, than others. The current study employs an experimental factorial survey design and assesses the subtlety of systematically manipulated prejudicial statements. Our data from a German random population sample (N = 895) indicate that the subtlety of ethnically prejudicial statements is manipulable along the dimensions of topic, linguistic (essentialist) phrasing, and target group: Prejudicial statements that refer to culture, that are phrased weakly essentialistically, and that target Muslims were subtlest, in being evaluated as least xenophobic by the respondents. Moreover, with an increasing internal and a decreasing external motivation to respond without prejudice, individuals reacted more strongly to the variation of the statements’ topic and linguistic phrasing and were thus more sensitive to features determining subtler and more blatant ways of ethnic prejudice expression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of current migration discourses, in demonstrating that the specific manner in which ethnic prejudice is communicated can camouflage the xenophobic nature of a statement, so that it is less readily recognized as prejudicial.

Features of the relationship between perfectionism and motivation in young chess players

This article describes the results of a study of perfectionism on motivation in chess players aged 11 to 15. A total of 74 sportsmen took part in the testing, of which 23 were girls and 51 were boys. The study of perfectionism was carried out using Rory C. O'Connor and Diane Dixon scale for measuring perfectionism for children and adolescents, which was successfully adapted to a Russian sample of chess players. The study of motivation – using the methodology "Why I go in for sports", developed on the basis of the theory of self-determination by Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci. The results of the study revealed a good relationship between perfectionism and motivation, thereby showing the peculiarity of the relationship between perfectionism and internal and external motivation among young chess players

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTONOMOUS VERSUS EXTERNAL MOTIVATION AND REGULATORY FOCUS

"The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between different forms of motivation mindsets. The integrative model of motivated behavior (Meyer, Becker, & Vandenberghe, 2004) indicates relations between the forms of motivation identified in the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and the regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997, 1998). A concept of goal regulation proposes relations between autonomous versus external motivation and promotion versus prevention focus. The research involved 288 university students. Participants rated their motivation for three personal goals on scales assessing self-concordance (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999). The regulatory focus was assessed by the Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ, Higgins et al., 2001). It was found that autonomous motivation was significantly positively related to promotion focus. Furthermore, autonomous motivation predicted promotion focus. Between external motivation and prevention focus a significant relationship was not confirmed. However, external motivation significantly negatively correlated with promotion focus."