Cameroon violence will increase in coming weeks

Significance This marks the most recent incident in mounting conflict this year between security forces and separatist forces, as well as broader violence against civilians. The conflict has, since its outbreak in 2017, killed at least 4,000 people and displaced some 700,000, with another 700,000 children shut out of school in 2021. Impacts The consolidation of separatist groups may intensify in the coming year, improving their overall coordination and combat effectiveness. Rising casualties and poor living conditions may lead to increased security force abuses. Cooperation between Cameroonian and Nigerian separatists may engender improved cooperation between the two governments to counter them.

TURKEY’S ENGAGEMENT IN THE CONFLICT OF NAGORNO-KARABAKH

The background of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is the struggle for the territory between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Because internationally the territory is recognized as belonging to Azerbaijan, the majority of its population is the Armenian diaspora. This issue is considered important because the region is quite strategic internationally and involves many actors. This research was conducted to find out why Turkey was involved in this conflict. Where the results concluded that Turkey has an interest in securing energy supplies, selling weapons, reducing Russia's influence, and strengthening its influence in the international world besides helping Azerbaijan crush the separatist groups in Nagorno-Karabakh who want to escape from Azerbaijan.

THE DEPICTION OF RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN BHAGAT’S THE GIRL IN ROOM 105

This study aims to discuss the issue of religious conflict in Bhagat’s The Girl in Room 105. The objectives of this study are to analyze the religious conflicts and characteristics of the religious conflict reflected in the novel. This study uses descriptive qualitative method using sociological approach and several theories of religious conflict. The result, this study depicts the religious conflicts between by Muslim and Hindu as well as the characteristics of the religious conflict. The religious conflicts are presented in the sphere of belief: conflict between Muslim and Hindu, ideology: conflict between Kashmiri and Indian, organization: conflict between separatist groups of Kashmir against Indian government, family: conflict between Keshav and Zara’s family, and individual: conflict between Zara and Keshav.

The Relationship between University Students’ Perceptions of Terrorism and Academic Specializations

By conducting a set of quantitative surveys, this study aimed to detecting the correlation between Jordanian University students’ perceptions of terrorism and a variety of demographic variables. The results revealed that the majority of students viewed terrorism as the most heinous crime, and is never justified, and that terrorists are hard-core criminals, separatist groups that want to weaken the unity of the country. Therefore, they should be treated as traitors and punished as they pose a threat to national interest, and the safety and security of citizens. While a few of student indicated that there are some terrorist activities’ as a repercussion of repressed needs and the demands of society, it should however be managed and the violations committed by states against their nationals be confronted with the aim of eliminating injustices to vulnerable citizens. Most students believe that poverty and material deprivation are of the most prominent causes of terrorism. They also stress the necessity of providing food security and optimal life for citizens to limit the spread of the phenomenon of terrorism and achieve societal solidarity to save human lives and stability of communities. Furthermore, the results confirmed that there are no academic specializations, age, sex, academic level, and monthly income statistically significant differences in perceptions of the terrorism among university students. Received: 8 April 2021 / Accepted: 5 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

New councils will not end Cameroon's anglophone crisis

Significance Regional councils are one of the last institutions provided for in the 1996 constitution yet to be realised and are also meant to give life to the ‘special status’ granted last year to the predominantly anglophone Northwest and Southwest regions. Although President Paul Biya’s government hopes this will help placate long-standing anglophone grievances, a regional crisis risks morphing into a national one. Impacts The reported acquirement of more sophisticated weaponry by armed separatist groups could see an escalation in fighting over the short term. The anglophone crisis, coupled with political protests and Boko Haram attacks in the north, will stretch the security forces' capacities. With rival separatist ‘governments’, achieving a meaningful settlement will be complicated by determining which group is representative.

GRUPA ZBROJNA SIRIRI JAKO PRZYKŁAD DZIAŁALNOŚCI REBELIANTÓW W REPUBLICE ŚRODKOWOAFRYKAŃSKIEJ

The Siriri Military Group as an Example of Rebel Activities in the CAR Most military incidents in the Central African Republic that have been recorded since 2017 stem from confl icts over transportation trails, cattle (buffalo) grazing and mineral mines (gold and diamonds). The article aims to show the activities of military groups on the territories controlled by them through an analysis of tactics deployed by one of the rebel organisations. The activities of the Siriri group are typical of separatist groups in the Central African Republic (CAR).

State Violence, Separatist Agitations, and Population Displacement in Cameroon

This chapter interrogates the impacts of state violence and the proliferations of pro-separatist agitations in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon on vulnerable groups as its objective. Through secondary sources of data collection and content analysis, authors observed that the continued interplay of state violence and the various agitations for the independence of Ambazonia by separatist groups accounts for the ongoing displacement of women and children both as internally displaced persons and refugees. Hence, they argued that the unprecedented humanitarian challenges facing these vulnerable groups manifest in the various spheres of confrontations involving the Cameroonian security forces and various armed separatist groups in Southern Cameroon. Tables in this chapter provide links between how various dimensions of the Anglophone crisis affect women and children. This chapter discusses also the factors fuelling separatist agitations, future research directions, solutions and recommendations in resolving the Anglophone crisis in the Republique du la Cameroun.

A Theory of Organizational Resilience

Chapter 2 develops a theory of organizational resilience that accounts for when decapitation is more or less likely to result in the decline or weakening of terrorist organizations. It argues that the efficacy of capturing or killing terrorist leaders is a function of three primary variables: the group’s bureaucracy, communal support, and ideology. Bureaucratized organizations will have an easier time reorganizing after the loss of their leaders. Groups with significant levels of communal support should have access to resources that allow them to withstand attacks and continue carrying out their activities. Finally, religious and separatist groups are more likely to be based upon an ideological belief and doctrine that emerge from local communities and are not dependent upon the leadership for their rearticulation and continuation.

Cameroon anglophone crisis may enter new stalemate

Significance Biya's rare public address follows a recent boycott called for by separatist groups in the predominantly anglophone Northwest and Southwest regions following the sentencing of separatist leader Julius Sisiku Ayuk Tabe and nine others to life in prison. Yaounde is under growing international pressure to engage separatist groups meaningfully amid a worsening humanitarian crisis. Impacts Biya's intervention could complicate the progress of recent Swiss-led mediation efforts, which have received US and EU support. Separatist groups will likely increasingly focus the bulk of their international lobbying efforts on the US government. A harsh sentence for detained opposition leader Maurice Kamto risks violent protests, a crackdown and ensuing international condemnation.