Geo-Environmental and Geotechnical Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste from the Selective Collection in São Paulo City, Brazil

This paper presents the characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW) randomly collected from two Material Recovery Facilities in São Paulo city, before (input - recyclables) and after (output - rejects) the sorting processes. Geo-environmental and geotechnical tests were performed on shredded samples and a digestion method was applied to detect the metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations using ICP OES. The objective was to assist future activities of integrated solid waste management and soil pollution. Results showed different particle sizes comparing the input (44.6%) and the output MSW (75.1%) passing through the 100 mm sieve. Organic matter and ash contents indicated the influence of inorganic carbon due to plastics' presence, with values varying between 6-13%. The pH values obtained were neutral and the electrical conductivity of the MSW rejects suggested a higher amount of ions, with values above 1000 µS/cm. Metals analyses show that Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn are present in high concentrations, depending on the types of the materials. Standard Proctor compaction curves yielded maximum dry unit weight varying from 6.6 kN/m³ to 10.0 kN/m³ and optimum moisture contents from 20–42%. Cohesion ranged from 1.3 kPa to 31.3 kPa and friction angle from 3.2° and 42.9°. The results are comparable with those obtained for other countries using different MSW treatments and contribute to the data basis for MSW from the selective collection, aiming the integrated solid waste management, serving for other countries that adopt MSW sorting and recycling.

Collection and Disposal of Waste in Small Towns

This work seeks to analyze the profile, volume produced and disposal of solid waste in small towns in the west of Santa Catarina. To operationalize the study data was collected in the municipalities of west region of Santa Catarina. Scripts were applied questionnaires for public managers, presidents of associations of pickers, waste collection points and individual collectors. For analysis of the results was considered in those with less than 25,000 habitants. The results show that: I) The population density explains more than 80% of the budget destined for household solid waste collection and recycling; II) Spent with collection and disposal services is R$ 44.22 per capita; III) Recycling provides a monthly gross income of R$ 2,286.98 for dung; IV) That 61% of municipalities have waste management plan, but the data did not demonstrate the effectiveness thereof;; V) The main difficulty pointed out by prefectures refers awareness of the population. This leads to the conclusion that the integrated solid waste management requires more than public policy. This study contributes to the understanding of the area by reinforcing that the solid waste management should (and can) be treated in an integrated manner, considering all aspects of sustainability.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA GESTÃO INTEGRADA DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS: O CASO DAS CARGAS DE RESÍDUOS DOMICILIARES RURAIS DE SANTA CRUZ DO SUL – RS

Resumo: O consumo, aliado à industrialização, a cada ano produz muitos tipos de novos produtos e embalagens. Junto a isso, a distribuição e a logística vêm alcançando locais cada vez mais remotos, fazendo com que áreas rurais disponham dos mesmos produtos existentes nas áreas urbanas. A preocupação com esse avanço é a disposição final desse material, ou o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos domésticos nessas áreas. Os custos desse processo podem trazer obstáculos à sua realização. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa objetiva demonstrar algumas dificuldades sobre a gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos, principalmente pela análise da área rural de Santa Cruz do Sul. Identificou-se que o resíduo doméstico rural transportado pelos caminhões não era pesado, apenas registrada a entrada dos caminhões, dificultando o entendimento da eficiência desse atendimento. Assim, uma discrepância pode passar despercebida pelos gestores, pois o município de Santa Cruz do Sul/RS não possui uma área rural muito extensa. Para poder observar esse processo, foram rastreados dados entre os anos de 2007 à 2015, através de pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais. Foi possível verificar que o número de cargas das áreas rurais vem aumentado, sem alteração na população rural como também sem aumento de produção das embalagens. Além disso, os valores cobrados por esse transporte a cada ano se tornam mais caros. Portanto, para ter uma gestão transparente e políticas públicas eficientes, faz-se necessário disponibilizar e analisar os dados e valores sobre a produção de resíduos sólidos de forma clara e objetiva, com a elaboração de um processo que seja eficaz enquanto medida socioambiental.Palavras-chave: Gestão de Resíduos. Resíduo Doméstico Rural. Custo dos Resíduos. Abstract: The consumerism allied to industrialization each year produces many kinds of new products and packaging. Together, the distribution and the logistics are reaching places increasingly remote, so that the rural areas can have the same products that the urban areas do. The concern on this advance is the final disposal of this material or the domestic solid waste management in these areas. The costs of this process can bring some difficulties for the realization of this type of collection. This research was done to demonstrate some difficulties about the integrated solid waste management, mainly through the analysis of the rural area of Santa Cruz do Sul. It was identified that the rural domestic waste transported by trucks was not weighed, only registered the entry of trucks, making it difficult to understand the efficiency of this attendance. Therefore, this discrepancy can go unnoticed by the managers, because the city of Santa Cruz do Sul/RS does not have a very large rural area. To observe these procedures, it tracked data between the years of 2007 to 2015, through bibliographical and documental research. Thus, it was possible to verify that the number of loads from the rural areas is increasing, without an alteration on the rural population, but also without increasing packaging production. In addition, the costs charged for this transportation become more expensive each year. Therefore, in order to have a transparent management and efficient public politics, it is necessary to make available and analyze the data and values about the solid waste production in a clear and objective way, with the elaboration of a process that is effective as a socio-environmental measure.Keywords: Waste Management. Rural Domestic Waste. Waste Cost.

Design of Integrated Solid Waste Management at City Amanganj Dist. Panna (M.P), India

A study is carried out to design the integrated system approach for the solid waste management for Amanganj area in Panna District. Amanganj is a town and a Nagar Panchayat and a tehsil in Panna District of Madhya Pradesh, India. The information that are used to design the system is gathered from the existing data presented over Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board on solid waste management. It has included integrated approach where the recycling, reusing and leachate management as well as landfill areas are covered by not necessary included in the design of the system. Total land area which has been utilized has involved the integrated approach to meet the area of 1000m2 . The requirement of the manpower, waste collection and its compact on the people are eventually covered in the study. It will be reliable to use the solid waste management system at Amanganj as it would help in offering the better facilities and support to the local people. Keywords: Solid waste management, Integrated Design, Integrated approach, Composting, landfill and resources.

Best Practices of Solid Waste Management at Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan

Recently we conducted a study to evaluate the existing solid waste management practices at Institute of Business Management (IoBM), Karachi which shows that the institute possesses best management practices related to solid waste collection, transport, segregation, recycling/reuse, and final disposal. Adequate number of color-coded bins have been laid at appropriate locations throughout the university campus. Institute has enough staff for waste management including waste collection, transportation, and disposal. Results of our study indicate that about 2,033 kg of solid waste/month (24.5 tons/annum) is generated from the IoBM campus. Out of the total, about 67.8 % is the recyclable and reusable plastic, paper, and metal waste while, the remaining (about 32%) is mostly organic waste generated from various facilities of the university. Economic analysis indicates that about 252,012 Pak rupees annually are earned from selling the recyclable and reusable inorganic solid waste. Study also indicate that about 500 kg of good quality compost per month can be prepared from the organic waste including food and yard waste that can be used for existing horticultural activities at the university. Moving towards a sustainable integrated solid waste management system necessitates improved system of waste collection, segregation, reselling, and composting

Policy and Legislations on Microplastics Pollution Management in Vietnam

Plastic pollution has become a major global environmental problem. The amount of plastic waste, including microplastics discharged into the environment, is on the increase, causing harm to the environment, ecosystems, especially marine ecosystems, entering the food chain, and affecting human health. Recognizing the environmental risks of plastic waste, the State has issued many legal documents on plastic waste management such as the Law on Environmental Protection (2014, 2020); Law on Environmental Protection Tax 2010; National environmental protection strategy up to 2020, Vision 2030; National strategy on integrated solid waste management up to 2025, Vision 2050, among others. However, there are still many shortcomings to plastic waste management in Vietnam, e.g. there are no effective solutions in reducing, sorting, collecting, reusing, recycling and treating waste. More importantly, public awareness and understanding of microplastic pollution in Vietnam still need improving. Therefore, pollution caused by microplastics needs to be studied and evaluated in relation to its origin, current situation, impacts and management policies.

INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF A HOTEL IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL

The amount of solid waste is rapidly increasing due to urbanization. Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal is facing the bigger challenges day by day which are usually caused by rapid urbanization and modernization of the city. Cities around the world are playing an ever-increasing role in creating wealth, enhancing social development, attracting investment and harnessing both human and technical resources for achieving unprecedented gains in productivity and competitiveness. This study explored the solid waste management practices of a hotel in Kathmandu. I used ethnographic research design in doing this study. The discussion was done with hotel staffs, waste management company staffs and an expert of the solid waste management field. Hotel has been highly benefitted from the integrated solid waste management system. There is proper system and record of waste generated, recyclables recovered and the amount of waste transferred to the landfill site. KEYWORDS: Solid waste, hotel waste, green hotel, Nepal