Temporal analysis on spectral reflectance of clove vegetation based on landsat 8 imagery

This study aims to analyze temporally the spectral reflectance of clove vegetation using Landsat 8 multitemporal imagery data in Buleleng district, Bali. The analysis method uses the conversion of raw data from Landsat 8 images to the spectral reflectance value at the Top of Atmosphere (TOA). This conversion scales back the pixel values ??of the Landsat 8 image in the visible spectrum, namely bands 2, 3, 4 and infrared bands 5, 6, and 7 into percentage units. The temporal analysis technique is carried out by grouping the time series of Landsat 8 image data for 1 period, in 2015, into 4 quarterly groups based on the acquisition time, namely Quarter I (January, February, March), Quarter II (April, May, June), Quarter III (July, August, September) and Quarter IV (October, November, December). The results showed that the graph pattern of the average percentage of spectral reflectance in each quarter was the same and in the infrared spectrum was greater than the visible spectrum. The average value of the largest spectral reflectance was found in the second Quarter which was acquired by band 5 of 28.143%, while the smallest in the first Quarter which was acquired by band 2 was 2.503%.

EXPLORING GIFTED AND TALENTED MUSLIMS STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE USING GEOGEBRA IN TEACHING AND LEARNING MATHEMATICS

GeoGebra is a teaching tool that educators use in their lesson plans to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Instead of drawing on a sheet of paper, students can design a graph, adjust the actual graph shape, and examine the impact of changing graph pattern using GeoGebra in mathematics teaching and learning. Furthermore, students can keep all of their work materials in a structured manner for future reference. GeoGebra will make a school lecture more interesting, exciting, creative, and innovative. The goal of this study was to analyse the effects of GeoGebra software in Mathematics achievement in respect to quadratic functions among gifted and talented Muslims student’s at Kolej GENIUS Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. The maximum or minimum point of quadratic function was determined by using GeoGebra software, and the characteristics of quadratic expressions in one variables was also identified. The results illustrate that the graph quadratic expression has the highest point or the lowest point based the values of coefficient a on the quadratic function. For the graph function with negative values of coefficient a on a quadratic function, there are highest values of coordinates x and y, which also known as maximum point, while the graph function with positive values of a on a quadratic function, there are lowest values of coordinates x and y, which also known as minimum point. When students utilize GeoGebra software, their performance in calculating the minimum and maximum points on quadratic functions improves. Keywords: Geogebra; Integrated naqli ‘aqli gifted education; Gifted muslims student; Mathematics achievement; Quadratic functions

GeoSPARQL 1.1: An Almost Decadal Update to the Most Important Geospatial LOD Standard

In 2012 the Open Geospatial Consortium published GeoSPARQL defining “an RDF/OWL ontology for [spatial] information”, “SPARQL extension functions” for performing spatial operations on RDF data and “RIF rules” defining entailments to be drawn from graph pattern matching. In the 8+ years since its publication, GeoSPARQL has become the most important spatial Semantic Web standard, as judged by references to it in other Semantic Web standards and its wide use for Semantic Web data. An update to GeoSPARQL was proposed in 2019 to deliver a version 1.1 with a charter to: handle outstanding change requests and source new ones from the user community and to “better present” the standard, that is to better link all the standard’s parts and better document & exemplify elements. Expected updates included new geometry representations, alignments to other ontologies, handling of new spatial referencing systems, and new artifact presentation. In this paper, we describe motivating change requests and actual resultant updates in the candidate version 1.1 of the standard alongside reference implementations and usage examples. We also describe the theory behind particular updates, initial implementations of many parts of the standard, and our expectations for GeoSPARQL 1.1’s use.

Bounded Graph Pattern Matching With View

Bounded evaluation using views is to compute the answers $Q({\cal D})$ to a query $Q$ in a dataset ${\cal D}$ by accessing only cached views and a small fraction $D_Q$ of ${\cal D}$ such that the size $|D_Q|$ of $D_Q$ and the time to identify $D_Q$ are independent of $|{\cal D}|$, no matter how big ${\cal D}$ is. Though proven effective for relational data, it has yet been investigated for graph data. In light of this, we study the problem of bounded pattern matching using views. We first introduce access schema ${\cal C}$ for graphs and propose a notion of joint containment to characterize bounded pattern matching using views. We show that a pattern query $\sq$ can be boundedly evaluated using views ${\cal V}(G)$ and a fraction $G_Q$ of $G$ if and only if the query $\sq$ is jointly contained by ${\cal V}$ and ${\cal C}$. Based on the characterization, we develop an efficient algorithm as well as an optimization strategy to compute matches by using ${\cal V}(G)$ and $G_Q$. Using real-life and synthetic data, we experimentally verify the performance of these algorithms, and show that (a) our algorithm for joint containment determination is not only effective but also efficient; and (b) our matching algorithm significantly outperforms its counterpart, and the optimization technique can further improve performance by eliminating unnecessary input.