Exploring Strategic Choices of Airlines: A Study in Turkish Air Transport Industry

Inter-firm competition in the field of aviation, which accelerates through liberalisation and globalisation trends, has been investigated by numerous studies in the post-deregulation era; however, it has not been adequately addressed in Turkish aviation market. The aim of this study is to unveil the business strategies and strategic typologies of Turkish passenger carriers, as well as the degree of involvement of firms in the strategic planning process, the current outlook, and the competitive structure of the Turkish passenger air transport industry. The research is designed in a way to collect data through interviews with senior executives of the airlines. In terms of findings, the study concludes that five scheduled airlines and three charter airlines have attempted to implement more than one generic strategy at the same time as an “integrated cost and differentiation strategy,” with the primary strategy being cost leadership. Moreover, the passenger carriers in question displayed the features of “analysers-defenders” mainly linked to the competitive typology viewpoint. This study is believed to lead to a deeper understanding of potential explanations why companies have made specific strategic choices regarding generic strategies and strategic approaches. Regulators, individual companies operating in the aviation industry and prospective companies, investors, etc. can use the results of the study to regulate the market, better understand their competitors, set their priorities and plans, evaluate, and assess the market.

Research on Green Transport Mode of Chinese Bulk Cargo Based on Fourth-Party Logistics

Due to the problems such as the excessive proportion of road transport and extreme carbon emission situation of China’s transport structure adjustment, this paper combines the fourth-party logistics with the bulk cargo green transport. It is advancing the adjustment of China’s bulk cargo transport structure using fourth-party logistics. This paper improves the particle swarm optimization algorithm to compare the integrated cost and carbon emissions of different bulk fourth-party transport networks to verify the benefits of the fourth-party logistics on bulk cargo transport networks’ cost reduction and emission reduction. The results show that using the fourth-party logistics model to promote the transfer of cargoes from road to rail can reduce the integrated cost of the transport network, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve green transport.

Designing a single-vendor and multiple-buyers' integrated production inventory model for interval type-2 fuzzy demand and fuzzy rule based deterioration

In this paper, a single-vendor and multiple-buyers' integrated production inventory model is investigated where deterioration rate of the item is assumed to change in accordance with the weather conditions of a particular region. It relies upon the values of certain attributes that have a direct influence on the extent of deterioration. These parameter values are easily forecasted and thereby can be utilized to determine the item depletion rate, which is executed here using Mamdani fuzzy inference scheme. Besides, a nearest interval approximation formula for the defuzzification of interval type-2 fuzzy number (IT2FN) is developed. Its application in the proposed model is brought off by considering imprecise demand patterns at the buyers' locations which are in the form of IT2FNs. The model optimizes the total number of shipments to be made to the buyers within a complete cycle so as to minimize the overall integrated cost incurred. An optimization problem with interval objective function is formulated. A detailed illustration of the theoretical results is further demonstrated with the help of numerical example, followed by sensitivity analysis which provides insights into better decision making.

Distribution of the Emergency Supplies in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cloud Computing Based Approach

The containment of the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly affected by the unbalanced distribution of emergency supplies, low coordinated transport efficiency, high costs, and the inability of nonprofit organizations to handle the emergency supplies efficiently. Based on the COVID-19 experience, in this paper, we build a cloud platform for emergency supplies distribution to reduce the asymmetry of emergency logistics information, reduce the costs, and improve the efficiency of emergency supplies distribution. Our proposed method uses a genetic algorithm with the monarch scheme to optimize the urban emergency supplies distribution. The numerical results and sensitivity analysis for a sample network indicate that using the proposed platform the integrated cost in different cities are reduced by 29.01%, 28.67%, and 22.73%, the required time in different cities are reduced by 22.98%, 26.59%, and 36.65%. The results suggest that the proposed method reduces the integrated cost and transportation time and finds the optimal distribution path.

An Integrated Cost-Aware Dual Monitoring Framework for SMPS Switching Device Diagnosis

The ability of a switch-mode AC/DC power supply to shrink supplies is a benefit and a requirement for most electronic devices with limited space. Major failures in switch-mode power supply (SMPS) during adverse working conditions are subject to mostly the switching devices and capacitors. For effective condition monitoring of the SMPS, dual (or multiple) sensing provides a more reliable standpoint against the traditional single sensing techniques as it provides a more comprehensive paradigm for accurate condition monitoring. This study proposes an integrated approach to SMPS condition monitoring by exploiting statistically extracted features from current and voltage signals for system fault diagnosis based on electrical stress. Following a correlation-based feature selection approach, salient features were utilized for improved fault detection and isolation (FDI) using ML-based classifiers. Diagnostic results by the classifiers reveal that the random forest and gradient boosting classifiers are highly reliable but computationally expensive when compared with the others while the decision tree was quite cost-efficient with reliable diagnostic results. The proposed framework is effectively applicable for use in diagnosing the switching devices and classification at different states.

Selecting cost management models in post-pandemic settings

The article discusses the features of cost management in post-pandemic conditions. The introduction justifies the relevance of the study of the cost management process and the problem of choosing appropriate management models in the modern economy, including in post-pandemic conditions. The methods used in the post-pandemic cost management study are indicated. The result of their practical implementation is determined. As the results of the study, the essence of the costs is determined, their types are described. In addition, factors are established that determine the variability of costs. The cost management process is characterized. Planning is considered as one of the stages of cost management, as well as key aspects of budgeting as a form of planning. Budget objectives and objectives are defined. Measures are being established to achieve the goal of an integrated cost reduction system. The principles and methods of cost management are described. Key ways to achieve competitive advantage in post-pandemic settings are identified. There are negative and positive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which determine how to manage costs in the post-pandemic period. The pandemic-driven changes in the accounting of expenditures, which contribute to the spread of the motivation approach and new business models and corporate governance models, are being discussed. The conclusion concludes that it is possible to choose cost management models in post-pandemic settings.

Порівняльна оцінка модифікацій літаків транспортної категорії за частковими та інтегральними показниками ефективності

The subject of the article is a method for evaluating the effectiveness of modifications of transport category aircraft by partial and integrated indicators, including the marketing cost of the flight and the cost of aircraft hours of air transportation, the amounts of which provide the relationship of economic indicators and parameters used in the design. The aim is to increase the efficiency of modifications of transport category aircraft relative to the basic ones. Objectives: to develop models for estimating modification changes according to integrated cost indicators; to carry out a comparative assessment of different modifications of the transport category aircraft in terms of partial and integrated cost indicators. The methods used are analysis and synthesis of research indicators, mathematical approaches for their evaluation based on the solution of systems of equations. The following results were obtained. According to the analysis and synthesis, the shortcomings of the above partial cost-effectiveness indicators were identified, Optimization of modifications on this indicator gives the maximum economic effect. Taking into account this circumstance, to assess the cost-effectiveness of modifications of transport aircraft, models have been developed that allow determining the cost of LC modifications with a variant change of the modified parameters, such as takeoff mass, flight performance, declared resource, etc., which are laid before modification. making conceptual decisions when creating it. Five modifications of a light transport aircraft are considered, in which such parameters as take-off mass and flight performance were changed. It is accepted that the change in takeoff mass is associated with an increase in the transported cargo, and the change in flight performance - with an increase in range from 2000 to 4000 km. Based on mathematical approaches for estimating existing partial and newly introduced integrated indicators, these five possible modifications of light transport aircraft are analyzed. There is a clear inadequacy in assessing the effectiveness of the developed options for partial and integrated indicators of their effectiveness. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: a method for estimating the total cost of LC modifications of transport category aircraft, taking into account the characteristic parameters of the modification: flight performance in the form of the characteristic "cargo - range"; the declared resource of modification, and also partial criteria, such as cost of air-hour of air transportation; the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo per 1 kilometer; full cost per flight of a transport category aircraft. The proposed method has significantly expanded the information based on which decisions can be made on the competitiveness of various modifications.

Psychology Software Tool (PST) For Specific Language Impairment Person

Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a disorder categorized by the inability of an individual to master spoken and written language, despite the absence of any apparent handicapping conditions. Many tools have been developed to diagnose or treat SLI, but these tools are largely made up of standalone components which must be utilized separately to obtain sufficient data for the diagnosis and treatment of SLI. Furthermore, some of these components are either very expensive or not widely available. As a result, therapists have faced many inconveniences when trying to treat individuals suffering from SLI. Hence, the development of an integrated, cost-effective Psychology Software Tool (PST) to diagnose and treat SLI is being developed as a solution to counter the inconveniences currently faced by SLI therapists. As a tool by SLI therapists to diagnose and treat SLI within children, the Psychology Software Tool offers standardized questionnaires with a special method to diagnose SLI will be presented in both text and audio, while a webcam will be used to deduce the amount of focus which is given by the patient to comprehend a particular element displayed on the screen. The diagnosis shall take into account the accuracy of answers provided within the questionnaires, the time taken to provide those answers and the aforementioned degree of focus. In terms of SLI treatment, the tool will also provide music therapy for SLI patients to work towards better speech production and comprehension. In short, PST will simplify and enhance the process of diagnosing and treating SLI patients.