The United Kingdom’s exposure to corruption is rising

Significance This reflects long-standing dynamics linked to the United Kingdom’s role in facilitating illicit global financial flows. In addition, recent political developments under Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s government have fuelled the perception that UK rule of law standards are declining. Impacts Surging real estate prices and increasing wealth inequality facilitate money laundering. Academic freedom in the United Kingdom is potentially impacted by the increase in private donations to universities. The ruling Conservative Party is particularly vulnerable to charges of corruption, given its reliance on private funding.

The Activities of the Tomsk Department of the Society for the Dissemination of Education among Jews in Russia during the First World War

The article examines the activities of the Tomsk department of the Society for the Spread of Education among Jews in Russia (SEJ) during the First World War. The aim of the study is to comprehensively consecrate the main vectors of the work of the members of the Tomsk SEJ in the context of the global cataclysm. Based on the involvement of a wide range of sources, the article describes the cultural, educational and charitable areas of the department's work. The organization was financed primarily by private donations received from the representatives of the Jewish communities of Siberia through holding charitable events and returning student loans. As a result of the scientific research, it was concluded that the peak of the activity of the Tomsk department of the SEJ was during the war years. The society had to adapt to the realities of wartime, while at the same time accomplishing the main goal of the organization – spreading education among the Jewish population. For a long time being the only SEJ representative in Siberia, the Tomsk department managed to take an honorable place among the educational organizations of the region. Under the influence of the refugee and social movement, the representatives of other Jewish institutions began to appear in Tomsk, which most often consisted of the same people. However, the Tomsk department of the SEJ has managed to maintain its importance and relevance.

Examining Chinese Charitable Giving Under State Intervention: A Political Participation Perspective

While it is prominent for governments across the globe to promote charitable giving, few governments directly intervene in charitable fundraising due to ethical and political risks. An exception is the Chinese government that has actively sought private donations. Using a national dataset of Chinese giving, this study explores from a general political participation perspective how individuals responded to different levels of state intervention in private charity. It finds that people made (a) voluntary donations (little state intervention) in relation to their social involvement and civic engagement, (b) suggested donations (e.g., the state called for donations) in relation to their civic participation and formal political participation, and (c) coerced donations (e.g., the state demanded donations) in relation to their personal bonds with the state. Thus, while appropriate state intervention seems productive, undue intervention may damage both charity and state legitimacy. Implications and suggestions for future research are included.

Factors Affecting the Elderly in Performing Social Services: A Case Study on the Elderly not Possessing a Volunteer Card

The objective of this study is to discuss among those over 65 years old who do not have a volunteer card and are not registered with the local social service bureaus in Taiwan the motivational factors affecting their participation in social services. This study constructs its subject from the theory of motivation, with the aim to understand the satisfaction level of the elderly in social participation. The research findings are: (1) The will of an individual and the ability the person possesses can perpetuate the value of their social existence; (2) Influenced by fate and opportunity, the elderly are motivated to devote effort to search for social balance and regain a focus and role in life that will give them satisfaction; (3) The elderly enjoy serving the community by quietly doing good deeds and making private donations; (4) For the elderly overwhelmed by the fear of the unknown after retirement, their sense of loss changes after adapting to social services and interpersonal relationships; and (5) The elderly enjoy being able to seamlessly connect and find the beginning to another beautiful stage of life. These findings will provide references for social service-related practices for the elderly and follow-up studies. JEL classification numbers: L31, J14, J32. Keywords: Social service, Elderly, Participation motivation.

Building a Comprehensive Cancer Center: Overall Structure

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately 9.6 million deaths [1]. The WHO recommends that each nation has a national cancer control program (NCCP) to reduce the incidence of cancer and deaths related to cancer, as well as to improve the quality of life of cancer patients [2]. Comprehensive cancer centers form the backbone of a NCCP and are charged with developing innovative approaches to cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment [3]. This is accomplished through basic and clinical research, the provision of patient care, the training of new clinicians and scientists, and community outreach and education. Most comprehensive cancer centers are affiliated with university medical centers, but their cancer care initiatives may involve partnering outside the institution with other comprehensive cancer centers, community leaders, or members of industry [3]. When affiliated with a university medical center, cancer center executives must work in concert with their counterparts at the hospital, patient practice, medical school, and allied health science leaders resulting in an overlapping, often complicated reporting structure. Comprehensive cancer centers and the departments in the center receive funding for their services from various sources, including national and local grants, institutional funds, private donations, and industry [4].

A Scoping Review Examining the Integration of Exercise Services in Clinical Oncology Settings

Background: Addressing questions surrounding the feasibility of embedding exercise service units in clinical oncology settings is imperative for developing a sustainable exercise-oncology clinical pathway. We examined available literature and provided practical recommendations to inform evidence-based practice, policymaking, and further investigations. Methods: Studies that recruited cancer patients, assessed the co-location of exercise services and cancer treatment units and reported findings on service implementation were included. Evidence from six studies providing data from over 30 programs was integrated using narrative synthesis. Results: Exercise service implementation was relatively modest across the included studies. These services were delivered by physiotherapists, exercise physiologists, and kinesiologists and funded mainly through grants and private donations, with staff salaries accruing as the major expense. Service penetration, adoption, and acceptability were generally low. However, studies recorded high clinician/patient satisfaction. Major barriers to service integration were limited funding, lack of detailed implementation plan, and low organizational buy-in. Common reasons for non-utilization, missed sessions, and dropouts were lack of interest, unwellness, hospital readmission, disease progression, and adverse skeletal events. Conclusion: Implementing exercise services in clinical oncology settings seems an effective approach for increasing access to exercise medicine for individuals on cancer treatment. While this model appears feasible for patients/clinicians, calculated efforts are required to drive uptake. There is no one-size-fits-all approach; hence, sustainable service integration remains a product of many factors, including structures and strategies that reflect the organizational dynamics of the clinical service environment housing the exercise unit.

Models for cost-offset community supported agriculture (CO-CSA) programs

Cost-offset community supported agriculture (CO-CSA) appears to be a promising way to increase low-income households’ access and intake of fresh produce, while also helping CSA farms expand their farm business. Yet single farms operating CO-CSAs may struggle to balance the demands of farming with CO-CSA program administration, funding, and recruitment. To address these chal­lenges, CO-CSA programs operated by nonprofits have emerged, equipped with dedicated infrastruc­ture, resources, and staffing. This study aims to describe organizational models and best practices of nonprofit CO-CSA programs, using a qualitative approach. We conducted interviews with five well-established nonprofit CO-CSA programs in the U.S. Administration of these five nonprofit CO-CSAs took several forms: (1) providing direct sub­sidies to individual CO-CSA member farms; (2) functioning themselves as an aggregator, packer, and distributor of regional produce; and (3) sourcing from an in-house farm incubator or food hub, then packing and coordinating delivery to pick-up sites. Nonprofit CO-CSA funding strategies included grants from federal and local government sources, private donations, fundrais­ing, and grants. Marketing efforts occurred via social media, community events, and word of mouth. Both fundraising and recruitment were greatly facilitated by relationships with community partners. Having dedicated staff, as well as a com­munity that values local agriculture and social jus­tice, were identified as success factors. This descriptive, qualitative study systematically com­pares the attributes of five nonprofit CO-CSA programs. Future research should focus on identifying the cost-effectiveness of nonprofit CO-CSAs, compare the relative merits of single-farm and nonprofit CO-CSAs, and quantify the eco­nomic benefit of CO-CSA programs for farmers and local communities.

Concepts and types of funding of political parties

The article analyzes the doctrinal approaches to the definition of "financing of political parties", its relationship with such related concepts as "financial activities of the party", "financial support of political parties", "financing of political activities". While in the legislation of Ukraine there is no definition of the concept of "financing of political parties", in the scientific literature various interpretations of this concept are offered. Some approaches do not take into account the fact that the provision of funds to parties must take place in accordance with the requirements of current legislation, which establishes the procedure, limits and amounts of funding for political parties. Another disadvantage of these definitions is that they do not reflect the role of public authorities in relation to both the financing itself and in relation to the implementation of state control over the financing of political parties. Other definitions do not reflect the role of political parties themselves in their funding. The synthesis of the obtained results allowed to offer an improved concept of "financing of political parties" as carried out in the manner and within the statutory activities of political parties, public authorities, individuals and legal entities, aimed at providing political parties with financial and other resources subject to financial evaluation. and what political parties need to achieve their goals and objectives. It is necessary to distinguish between the financing of the current (statutory) activities of political parties and the financing of their participation in elections. At the same time, the study and comparison of political party funding through the prism of analysis of sources of such funding is more productive and allows a broader and more comprehensive consideration of the peculiarities of political party funding in individual countries through analysis of their legislation. Therefore, it is necessary to support the validity of the position on the division of funding of political parties into types depending on the source of funds (property): self-financing (entrance and membership fees, income from party property, income from illicit economic activities), private (private donations) and public funding of political parties

Nonprofit organizations in Russia: management features and government support

The article examines the management of nonprofit organizations in the area of prevention and correction of socially dangerous forms of citizens' behavior. The study is of great interest since such organizations have a wide range of tools for addressing social problems of deviant behavior in society. The methodology of this study predetermined the use of system, monographic, structural and logical research methods, along with the interview techniques. Statistical data and interview surveys showed that the state provided little support to organizations under examination. Their main sources of income are customer funds and private donations, which creates barriers to their development. Based on the research results, the authors concluded that the state should support nonprofit organizations in the field of prevention and correction of socially dangerous forms of citizens' behavior, as they: 1) facilitate the implementation of interests of a large number of participants in public life; 2) address the needs of various segments of the population which require additional support and protection; 3) provide services that meet the specific needs of socially vulnerable groups requiring additional support and protection. Nonprofit executives should develop special tools to improve the quality of social services and increase organizational capital.

Does Public Campaign Funding Crowd Out Private Donation Activity? Evidence from Seattle's Democracy Voucher Program

During each election cycle, the city of Seattle distributes four \$25 vouchers to every registered voter, which may be donated to and redeemed by campaigns for city office. Through a difference-in-differences research design, we study the causal effect of Seattle's program on various outcomes in city council elections in the first two cycles after implementation, with two comparison groups drawn from other cities in Washington and California. We find that the program led to an approximately 62-100% increase in total contributions and a 400% increase in number of unique donors. The effects on dollars and donors are entirely driven by small donors, defined as those who contribute less than $200 to a campaign. We find statistically insignificant evidence of decreases in private donations, although our point estimates suggest moderate-to-substantial crowd-out ratios. We further show that the program led to a 76-86% increase in candidates for city council. These results provide some of the first causal evidence on the effect of decentralized public campaign finance schemes, while also speaking to broader questions measuring the effects of money in politics, campaign regulation, and the effects of public funds on private giving.