Forensic Linguistics as a Form of Application of Specialized Linguistic Knowledge in Legal Proceedings: Development History and Current State

The article provides the periodization of the development of forensic linguistics as one of the primary forms of application of specialized linguistic knowledge in legal proceedings. The author distinguishes four main stages: the 1st stage – the emergence of forensic linguistic expertise, the 2nd stage – its formation, the 3rd stage - development, and the 4th stage - improvement. Finally, at a more generalized alternative periodization (before-the-expert/philological and expert stages), the author reveals pressing issues of developing this kind of expertise and the prospects for its evolution.

What Should Polar Medicine Do?

This paper introduces the definition of polar medicine and its development history and status at home and abroad. In view of the current predicament of polar medicine, it is believed that it is of high important and urgent practical significance to strengthen the discipline construction and scientific research of polar medicine, formulate medical service standards and provide systematic medical support for polar scientific research, including systematic training of polar doctors.

Tunnel Squeezing Deformation Control and the Use of Yielding Elements in Shotcrete Linings: A Review

Shotcrete lining shows high resistance but extremely low deformability. The utilization of yielding elements in shotcrete lining, which leads to the so-called ductile lining, provides a good solution to cope with tunnel squeezing deformations. Although ductile lining exhibits great advantages regarding tunnel squeezing deformation control, little information has been comprehensively and systematically available for its mechanism and design. This is a review paper for the purpose of summarizing the development history and discussing the state of the art of ductile lining. It begins by providing a brief introduction of ductile lining and an explanation of the importance of studying this issue. A following summary of supporting mechanism and benefits of ductile lining used in tunnels excavated in squeezing ground conditions is provided. Then, it summarizes the four main types of yielding elements applied in shotcrete lining and introduces their basic structures and mechanical performances. The influences of parameters of yielding elements on the supporting effect are discussed and the design methods for ductile lining are reviewed as well. Furthermore, recommendations for further research in ductile lining are proposed. Finally, a brief summary is presented.

Urban Development Reduces Bee Abundance and Diversity

Wild bee communities persist in cities despite major disruption of nesting and food resources by urban development. Bee diversity and abundance is key for urban agriculture and maintenance of plant diversity, and assessing what aspects of cities enhance bee populations will promote our capacity to retain and provision bee habitat. Here, we assessed how variation in land cover and neighborhood development history affected bee communities in the midwestern US urban landscape of Madison, Wisconsin. We sampled bee communities across 38 sites with relatively high (> 55%) or low (< 30%) levels of impervious surface, and assessed effects of land use and neighborhood development history on bee abundance and species richness. We show abundance and richness of bees was lower in recently developed neighborhoods, with particularly strong negative effects on soil nesting bees. Soil nesting bees and bee community richness decreased as cover of impervious surface increased, but above ground nesting bees were minimally impacted. Bee community similarity varied spatially and based on dissimilar local land cover, only for soil nesting bees, and the overall bee community. Impervious surface limited bee abundance and diversity, but new neighborhoods were associated with greater negative effects. We suggest that enhancing the structural diversity of new neighborhoods in urban ecosystems may imitate the structural benefits of older neighborhoods for bee populations.

Research on Students' Participation Right in Internal Governance of Universities

The state is vigorously promoting the modernization of educational governance ability and governance level and building a high-level university. Students are the basis for the survival and development of the university. Paying attention to students' participation right is the need to adapt to the development of democratic society and promote the modernization of internal governance of the university. The development history of students' participation right has experienced a long process. It is also a key point of the internal reform of colleges and universities and a legal right allocation to balance various stakeholders. Today, with the popularization of higher education, we should pay attention to students' participation right and promote the modernization of university governance system and governance ability.

LEADERSHIP IN THE STUDENT COLLECTIVE

Objective. The aim of the article is to study the phenomenon of leadership in the student collective. Methods. During the research and to achieve its goal, theoretical research methods were used, including analysis and synthesis, generalization, explanation. Results. As a result, the problems of formation of leadership qualities in students of higher education institutions are analyzed, the development history of the leadership problem, the versatility of the concept are considered. Interpretations of the leadership phenomenon existing in domestic and foreign literature are presented. The phenomenon of the leadership role differentiation in a group is analyzed, the role of libraries in the formation of students’ leadership competence is highlighted. Conclusion. The conclusion indicates that for the effective formation of students’ leadership qualities it is necessary to study their psychological characteristics and that libraries play a significant role in the process of formation of students’ leadership qualities.

Discussion on the Teaching Development of Thai Courses in Universities

In recent years, with the expansion and extension of China’s free trade platform, construction has gradually developed toward Southeast Asia and South Asia, thus resulting in the phenomena whereby Thai language courses have become more common and more universities have begun to cultivate Thai language majors. In this process, improving the effectiveness of Thai courses has become the key; therefore, schools and Thai language teachers should pay attention to this. In order to achieve the language teaching goal put forward by the Ministry of Education, it is necessary to accelerate the development of Thai courses in universities and explore a new development path for them, so that the teaching quality of Thai courses can be guaranteed. Based on this, this paper mainly discusses the development history of the curriculum of Thai language courses in universities.

On the 77th anniversary of Kostroma Region restoration (scientific discussion in the information centre of Kostroma Region administration)

The article presents the results of a round table dedicated to the 77th anniversary of the restoration of Kostroma Region (in 1920s and 30s, the region’s territories belonged to nearby major cities); the meeting took place on August 27, 2021 at the information centre of the Administration of Kostroma Region. The participants of the round table considered the historical background and achievements of Kostroma Region, tried to make a historical overview of the development of the Kostroma Region and determine its prospects. The work summarises the most significant theses of the reports heard, we focus on the most important milestones in the region development history and the milestones’ current understanding, on the assimilation of previous experience by modern scientists and public figures in solving topical problems.