Devising Classes of Energy Efficiency Measure for Evaluating Pay-4-Performance Rate That Energy Provider Will Be Willing to Offer in Pay-4-Performance Scheme

This study provides an estimation of pay-4-performance (P4P) rates that energy providers are willing to offer in a P4P scheme in EU according to the classification of Energy efficiency measures (classes of EEMs). Seven different categories of EEMs are identified and 4 different tables for evaluating the EEMs are devised. After devising the classes of EEMs, the P4P rate concept is presented through the mechanism of the Energy Efficiency obligation schemes and considering the energy providers’ perspective. The proposed approach is not focused on quantifying the P4P rates, but on identifying which variables and parameters can affect these rates.

Multi-objective Building Design Optimization under Operational Uncertainties Using the NSGA II Algorithm

Operational uncertainties play a critical role in determining potential pathways to reduce the building energy footprint in the Global South. This paper presents the application of a non-dominated sorting genetic (NSGA II) algorithm for multi-objective building design optimization under operational uncertainties. A residential building situated in a mid-latitude steppe and desert region (Köppen climate classification: BSh) in the Global South has been selected for our investigation. The annual building energy consumption and the total number of cooling setpoint unmet hours (h) were assessed over 13,122 different energy efficiency measures. Six Pareto optimal solutions were identified by the NSGA II algorithm. Robustness of Pareto solutions was evaluated by comparing their performance sensitivity over 162 uncertain operational scenarios. The final selection for the most optimal energy efficiency measure was achieved by formulating a robust multi-criteria decision function by incorporating performance, user preference, and reliability criteria. Results from this robust approach were compared with those obtained using a deterministic approach. The most optimal energy efficiency measure resulted in 9.24% lower annual energy consumption and a 45% lower number of cooling setpoint unmet h as compared to the base case.