Production Cross-Section Measurements for Terbium Radionuclides of Medical Interest Produced in Tantalum Targets Irradiated by 0.3 to 1.7 GeV Protons and Corresponding Thick Target Yield Calculations

This work presents the production cross-sections of Ce, Tb and Dy radionuclides produced by 300 MeV to 1.7 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions in thin tantalum targets as well as the related Thick Target production Yield (TTY) values and ratios. The motivation is to optimise the production of terbium radionuclides for medical applications and to find out at which energy the purity of the collection by mass separation would be highest. For that purpose, activation experiments were performed using the COSY synchrotron at FZ Jülich utilising the stacked-foils technique and γ spectrometry with high-purity germanium detectors. The Al-27(p,x)Na-24 reaction has been used as monitor reaction. All experimental data have been systematically compared with the existing literature.

Two-stage description of charge distributions in 56Fe+p spallation reactions at 0.3-1.5 GeV/A

Spallation reactions are studied in the framework of a two-stage model. The intra-nuclear cascade (INC) stage of the reaction is simulated with the code ISABEL and a Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) code. The de-excitation of the highly excited pre-fragments is described with the multi-sequential binary decay code MECO, based on a generalized Weisskopf-Ewing formalism. Emission of nucleons, gamma rays and IMFs in their ground, excited bound and unbound states is considered. Calculated cross sections are compared with the experimental charge distributions of 56Fe + p spallation reaction products studied at GSI with the fragment separator FRS in the energy-range 0.3 − 1.5 GeV/A. At all bombarding energies, a good description of the experimental data is obtained with ISABEL-MECO using a global set of parameters. A preliminary calculation with CoMD-MECO at 1GeV/A is discussed.

Design and development of Ionization Profile Monitor for the Cryogenic sections of the ESS Linac

Saclay CEA/IRFU is working for the delivery of five Non-Invasive Profile Monitors in the frame of the in-kind contribution agreement signed with the European Spallation Source. Neutrons will be produced by spallation reactions of 2 GeV proton beam impinging on a Tungsten target. To accelerate protons a powerful linear accelerator of 5MW is under construction. Diagnostic devices are mandatory tools for the tuning and protection of the machine. The non-invasive profile monitors provide a measurement of the beam profile in transverse directions to the beam propagation. This project raises several physical and technical challenges including low signal detection of ions or electrons, profile distortions induced by the beam Space Charge effect and non-uniformities of electric field. Simulation and model of the critical aspects of the detector have been performed in order to prove the performance and the feasibility of the detector. A series of prototypes has been built with different readout types, and tested in real conditions at the 3MeV proton accelerator IPHI. All of them show some advantages and drawbacks revealed by the tests in real beam conditions. In this paper we present the results of the tests for the various configuration readout systems to agree with the model and simulation of the detector. In concluding remarks, we will discuss the performance of the prototypes and point out the camerabased one to be the more suitable for the final design.