Melanosis Coli in Pigs Coincides With High Sulfate Content in Drinking Water

Melanosis coli is a well-described condition in humans, characterized by the accumulation of lipofuscin-laden macrophages in the lamina propria of the colon, giving it a dark tone. An increased apoptosis rate of colonic epithelial cells appears to be the underlying pathogenesis. In pigs, oxidative damage has been proposed as one of the causes for melanosis coli. In this article, we report a series of cases of melanosis coli in pigs affecting several finishing units in the south of Spain. Large intestines had dark green to brown pigmentation of the mucosa. Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies confirmed a high number of lipofuscin-laden macrophages in the lamina propria of the rectum and colon, which additionally stained positive for the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3. Of note, all affected finishing units utilized water supply with a high content of sulfates, which may be one of the causes for melanosis coli development in pigs.

Skin Color Perception in Portrait Image and AR-based Humanoid Emoji

Animated emoji in augmented reality (AR) enables users to create a humanoid version of themselves that mimics their facial expressions dynamically. In this study, we aim to explore how people perceive facial skin color in digital portrait in comparison with humanoid emoji in AR. We tried to identify the skin color representative regions and to estimate the color difference between the two contexts. We conducted a user study comprised of three tasks with 20 graduate students majoring in design and employed 24 portrait images in four skin tone categories. Through the user study, we first figured out that forehead and cheek regions, and particularly the linking band between eye and lip, were often considered as the representative region of facial skin color. Second, we observed skin colors become lighter in general, except dark tone. Furthermore, concerning the vidvidness, all four skin tone types became paler in humanoid emoji. Diverse ethnicities and contexts are expected in the future to provide a more robust and reliable analysis of the perception of skin color.

Design of Near Infrared Reflective Effective Pigment for LiDAR Detectable Paint

ABSTRACTLight Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a primary sensor for autonomous vehicles to recognize surroundings. It detects near-infrared (NIR) light pulses, typically at 905nm, which is emitted and reflected by surrounding objects. Here, the fact of the matter is that conventional black or dark-tone cars with extremely low NIR reflection are hard to be detected by LiDAR and endanger the future highway. In this work, we propose to use platelet-shaped effect pigments with visible absorption and NIR reflectivity. Copper(Ⅱ) oxide and Silicon dioxide multilayer are theoretically investigated with different numbers of layers and thicknesses. The optimized structures appear various dark-tone colors with high NIR-reflectivity over 90%.

Optimizing the Spectral Characterisation of a CMYK Printer with Embedded CMY Printer Modelling

In the digital printing process, reliable colour reproduction is commonly achieved by printer characterisation, which defines the correspondence between the input device control values and the output colour information. The cellular Yule–Nielsen spectral Neugebauer model, together with its variants, is widely adopted in this topic because of its superb colorimetric and spectral accuracy. However, it seems that current studies have neglected an inconspicuous defect in such models when characterising printers equipped with black ink. That is, the cellular structure of these models overemphasises the sampling for dark-tone colours, and thus leads to relatively large errors in light tones. In this paper, taking a CMYK printer as an example, a simple and effective solution is proposed with no need of extra sampling. With the aid of a newly built cellular spectral Neugebauer model for the embedded CMY printer, this approach optimises the printer characterisation for light tones, slightly improves the precision for middle tones while it maintains the accuracy for dark tones. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated with regard to three different kinds of substrates and the experimental results validated its improvement in spectral printer characterisation.

Perception Study of Psychological Time As a Factor for Social Adaptation of Persons with Disabilities

The article presents the results of a study of the psychological perception of time as a factor of social adaptation of persons with disabilities. This study is a part of study of the peculiarities of perception of physical variables: time and space - by persons with disabilities. Its purpose is the development of psycho-pedagogical methods of correction of perception and orientation in time and space in people with disabilities. To assess the psychological perception of time the person the methodology was applied, reflecting the understanding by a man his life segments (past, present and future). The authors have developed the technique of "Scale definitions shades" to represent the respondents received estimates. The results of studies of the psychological perception of time show that persons with disabilities perceive the disabilities and the period of their lives more negative, intensely, in dark colors than those from healthy conventionally group. The perception of its past due in people with disabilities since the emergence of mental and physical defects (birth or acquired) and painted in their representation in the "dark" tone as a period of critical events in their lives. This occurs quite monotonous, passive, grey. The future, as demonstrated by the results of the study, is the lightest, full of hope for the improvement of their position. Perception of life and psychological time periods personality is reflected in his social adaptation, complicating the process for persons with disabilities.

A novel active contour model for unsupervised low-key image segmentation

Unsupervised image segmentation is greatly useful in many vision-based applications. In this paper, we aim at the unsupervised low-key image segmentation. In low-key images, dark tone dominates the background, and gray level distribution of the foreground is heterogeneous. They widely exist in the areas of space exploration, machine vision, medical imaging, etc. In our algorithm, a novel active contour model with the probability density function of gamma distribution is proposed. The flexible gamma distribution gives a better description for both of the foreground and background in low-key images. Besides, an unsupervised curve initialization method is designed, which helps to accelerate the convergence speed of curve evolution. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through comparison with the CV model. Also, one real-world application based on our approach is described in this paper.

Research on Inspection System Formation of Cells in Gravure Cylinder Base on Machine Vision

This paper presents a machine vision inspection system to detect deformation of cells in the process of gravure manufacturing, which can provide real-time reporting and detail testing process analysis and find problems and make adjustments to track the production process, more conducive to scientific production management. The formation of cells of gravure machine vision inspection system is able to change analog signal into digital signal of gravure image. We have applied the MATLAB image processing software to read the experiment images and histogram equalization. The edge of cells is extracted by using of Sobel operator and Canny operator. We use different thresholds and experimental sigma values that compare to experimental results. It is found that extraction using the Canny operator is better than Sobel operator. Canny edge extraction operator is best when the value of sigma is 16. According to the image used in this research to determine the standard cells carving the value of gaps d0 equals 125, the value of dark tone s0 equals 394, so its standard value of gaps and dark tone are d0 ± 10 and s0 ± 10. The value of gravure outlets gaps and dark tone are measured, while d and s is in the scope of standard range, which the output 1 of the cells determined to pass and the output 0 deemed to fail. We propose two solutions of cells deformation gravure machine vision inspection system. Through analysis and comparison of performance and economic of the lighting and image sensor, the final implementation of the program is identified.