Man Robbery—A Gender Signifier in Convict Australia 1827–1836

This paper investigates the use of the anomalous term ‘man robbery’ in historical records relating to convict women in New South Wales. We question its accuracy as a criminal offence and conclude that its use in the 1830s was an administrative code that summarized an assessment not only of the women’s criminality but also of their morality. Its use in the historical records has been accepted uncritically by modern historians. The anomaly was identified through a large-scale study of these records. Often used to trace the histories of individual women for genealogical research, recurring patterns in the records are more noticeable when considering the crimes of some 5000 women transported to New South Wales, especially when their court records held in Britain are compared with those held in Australia. Evidence has emerged that the criminality of the women has been reduced by this gendered criminal offence. Inconsistency in the application of the term ‘man robbery’ led us to question it accuracy. Violence and participation in gangs were airbrushed from the records by the use of a term that implied that the women’s crimes related to their sexuality rather than their skills as criminals.

Chiral anomaly and strange-nonstrange mixing

As a first step, a simple and pedagogical recall of the η-η′ system is presented, in which the role of the axial anomaly, related to the heterochiral nature of the multiplet of (pseudo)scalar states, is underlined. As a consequence, η is close to the octet and η′ to the singlet configuration. On the contrary, for vector and tensor states, which belong to homochiral multiplets, no anomalous contribution to masses and mixing is present. Then, the isoscalar physical states are to a very good approximation nonstrange and strange, respectively. Finally, for pseudotensor states, which are part of an heterochiral multiplet (just as pseudoscalar ones), a sizable anomalous term is expected: η2(1645) roughly corresponds to the octet and η2(1870) to the singlet.

Magnetoplasmon Excitations at Graphene Vortex Hall Fluid Edge

We investigate magnetoplasmon dynamics localized on the edges of graphene vortex Hall fluid. The vortex matter captures an anomalous term that causes vortex localization near fluid boundary and creates a double boundary layer, Δ0∝(β-1)lB with β being filling factor. The term also has qualitative effect on resonant excitations of edge magnetoplasmons. We found that, for sharp edges under experimental conditions, graphene edge magnetoplasmon (EMP) resonances have similar behavior as in recent experiments. Gradual distinctions arise for smooth edges in the presence of the anomalous term, where a weak EMP peak appears. The second peak becomes well noticed as the smoothness is increased. We identified the resonant mode as an Inter-EMP. It originates from the oscillations of charges in the inner boundary of the double layer. The present observation brings to light the direct cause of Inter-EMP which remained to be detected in graphene experiments.

COMMENTS ON SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION OF ANYONS

The coupling of nonrelativistic anyons (called exotic particles) to an electromagnetic field is considered. Anomalous coupling is introduced by adding a spin-orbit term to the Lagrangian. Alternatively, one has two Hamiltonian structures, obtained by either adding the anomalous term to the Hamiltonian, or by redefining the mass and the NC parameter. The model can also be derived from its relativistic counterpart.

A COHOMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE MIGDAL–MAKEENKO EQUATIONS

The equations of motion of quantum Yang–Mills theory (in the planar "large-N" limit), when formulated in loop-space are shown to have an anomalous term, which makes them analogous to the equations of motion of WZW models. The anomaly is the Jacobian of the change of variables from the usual ones, i.e. the connection one-form A, to the holonomy U. An infinite-dimensional Lie algebra related to this change of variables (the Lie algebra of loop substitutions) is developed, and the anomaly is interpreted as an element of the first cohomology of this Lie algebra. The Migdal–Makeenko equations are shown to be the condition for the invariance of the Yang–Mills generating functional Z under the action of the generators of this Lie algebra. Connections of this formalism to the collective field approach of Jevicki and Sakita are also discussed.

A NOTE ON SUPERSYMMETRIC WZW TERM IN FOUR DIMENSIONS

We reconsider the supersymmetric Wess–Zumino–Witten (SWZW) term in four dimensions. It has been known that the manifestly supersymmetric form of the SWZW term includes derivative terms on auxiliary fields, the highest components of chiral superfields, and then we cannot eliminate them by their equations of motion. We discuss a possibility for the elimination of such derivative terms by adding total derivative terms. Although most of the derivative terms can be eliminated in this way, we find that all the derivative terms can be canceled, if and only if an anomalous term in SWZW term vanishes. As a by-product, we find the first example of a higher derivative term free from such problem.

QUANTUM GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS AND THE COMPACTIFICATION SCALE IN THE HETEROTIC SUPERSTRING THEORY

It is known that quantum gravitational effects due to virtual black holes and wormholes can exert an important influence by violating global symmetries. These processes have recently been investigated by Kallosh et al., who found, for the heterotic superstring theory, that there is a sufficient suppression of deleterious effects via the Euclidean action S E from the presence of higher-derivative terms occurring as a topological invariant, the Euler characteristic χ, regardless of the precise details of the underlying wormhole solution. Here, we consider this result further, arguing, in the absence of inflation, that there are no large wormholes in the heterotic superstring theory for which the wormhole action per se is large enough, topological suppression being the only possibility. The model-independent superstring axion may be susceptible to these corrections, because, as shown by Witten, it possesses a non-linearly realized, global U(1) symmetry, being a real scalar field coupled to the anomalous term [Formula: see text] from the outset, and they are relevant to the R-parity symmetry. Allowing for the unknown effect of the black holes, however, we conjecture that these quantum gravitational effects produce no observable consequences.

INDEX THEOREM AND CHIRAL ANOMALY IN D = 4, N = 1 SUPERGRAVITY

The chiral anomaly in D = 4 supergravity coupled to supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is evaluated by using the path integral approach. We consider not only the minimal coupling between the gravitational and gauge fields and the fermion fields but also the interaction term which mixes the gravitino and gaugino. The explicit form of the new anomalous term is given by rewriting the resultant term obtained in flat space in a form corresponding to curved space.