Disciplining the Sciences in Conflict Zones: Pre-Classical Mechanics between the Sovereign State and the Reformed Catholic Religion

Traditionally, the early modern period is characterized by a process whereby religion, politics, and science are gradually separated into independent cultural spheres. This account conceives of the process of modernity in terms of ‘total conflicts’ between abstract institutions (‘the state’, the ‘Church’, ‘science’), stemming from the demand for freedom of each of these institutions to determine their own norms of behaviour and thought within their own boundaries. The account I offer, in contrast, emphasizes the centrality of the rise of ‘sovereign’ states enhancing the creation of specific networks of interdependencies between rulers, the carriers of religion, and professional artists and scientists. However, interdependence also entailed ‘conflict zones’, where boundary work between political, religious, and scientific discourses was carried out.

Differentiated Impact of Politics- and Science-Oriented Education on Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Case Study of Chinese University Students

The purpose of this study is to understand the differentiated impact of politics- and science-oriented education on pro-environmental behavior among university students. A questionnaire was designed and sent to more than 14,000 university students from 152 universities in China using the snowball sampling method. In the questionnaire, the environmental knowledge was divided innovatively into two parts: Science-oriented knowledge spread by traditional environmental education and politics-oriented knowledge spread through political education. The structural equation model was used to understand the conduction path of pro-environmental knowledge, attitude, and behavior. It shows that politics-oriented knowledge has a quicker and stronger effect on improving behavior than science-oriented knowledge. Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between science- and politics-oriented knowledge. However, the attitude is positively influenced by science-oriented knowledge, instead of politics-oriented knowledge. It suggests that traditional environmental education and political education should be integrated to promote the pro-environmental behavior of university students indirectly and directly, which may provide an opportunity for pro-environmental political education in other countries. The study contributes important theoretical and practical implications for environmental education and sustainable development.

Profesorowie Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Władysław Chłopicki i Władysław Reiss oraz ich powiązania rodowe, czyli o Krupniczej nieco inaczej

The history of the inhabitants of the house at 5 Krupnicza Street in Krakow inspired to write this book, the aim of which is to present the history of two families who came to Krakow from different parts of Poland. The „Pod Matką Boską” tenement house, which has become a life haven for so many generations of Reiss and Chłopicki, including medical professors associated with the Jagiellonian University, is the basis of a much wider story about the intertwining of human lives. Thanks to these circumstances, we restore memory, and we often realise for the first time how far fates of families intertwine and connect with each other. Reaching deeply into the family roots, we not only find numerous family ties, but also appreciate their importance. We also understand better how history influences the course of life and how individual decisions can influence the course of events. The pages of this book will include wellknown and distinguished figures, who have their place in the history of politics and science, as well as doctors, military leaders, politicians. There will be also room for those who cared about family and public matters without publicity, serving current and everyday matters, but without whom great things could not have been fulfiled.

Introduction

This chapter introduces readers to the animal welfare campaigner Ruth Harrison. It highlights her importance for the development of farm animal welfare and discusses the usefulness of a biographic approach to analyse the wider evolution of twentieth-century welfare activism, politics, and science. It also examines the reasons underlying the relative neglect of Harrison and her long-term campaigning career in existing scholarship.

Daten als Rohstoffe und Entwicklungstreiber für selbstlernende Systeme

The current German law mandates data sharing only under narrow conditions. The increasing spread of "data-hungry" AI systems is prompting demands for data sharing obligations in other circumstances, directed in particular towards companies in the digital economy. This study questions whether it would be advisable to open up access to exclusive data from the private sector for training self-learning AI systems in order to promote innovation opportunities and incentives. It explores the question of whether case-by-case solutions or sector-specific regulatory responses are a better solution. For this purpose, proposals for change from politics and science are examined and own ideas are developed.

Civilizational Racism and Reasonability of Historical Research Based on the Civilizational Approach

The article considers the influence of civilizational racism ideas on the universal­ist and civilizational approaches to historical studies. According to the author, the Anglo-American hegemony in the sphere of culture, politics and science serves to devalue both approaches and disagrees with the requirements of pure science. Civilizational racism is viewed as the result of the secular transforma­tion of Anglo-Saxon Protestantism and its interaction with colonial practices. According to the logic of the article, the Anglo-Saxon version of racism is seen as a model for the entire Western society. It is distinguished by the myths of civi­lizational superiority, the principle of extraterritorial cratocracy, sacred violence with the sacred sacrifice chosen from among “non-conventional subjects” and the idea of civilizing mission. Civilizational racism is seen as a cultural metanar­rative and ‘a privileged entity’. In the future we are going to witness the increas­ing importance of the civilizational approach in connection with the trend in­volving the macroregionalization of world processes.