Investigating the Validity of the Integrated Measure of Intercultural Sensitivity: Predicting Success in a Multicultural Workplace

<p>In response to previous unsuccessful attempts to produce a valid measure of intercultural sensitivity, Weiss (2012) created the Integrated Measure of Intercultural Sensitivity (IMIS). The aim of the current thesis was to examine the validity of an English version of the IMIS. After back-translation of the scale, two studies were conducted. Study 1 tested the construct validity of the IMIS amongst a population of native English speakers. Study 2 investigated the predictive and incremental validity of the IMIS subscales in regard to outcomes relating to success in a multicultural workplace. The results of these two studies reveal that only one subscale is a valid predictor of such outcomes; this subscale did not predict additional variance when compared to existing predictive measures such as the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire and the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The results of these two studies indicate that the IMIS is not a valid measure of intercultural sensitivity; however the potential for a valid measure intercultural sensitivity is emphasized.</p>

Investigating the Validity of the Integrated Measure of Intercultural Sensitivity: Predicting Success in a Multicultural Workplace

<p>In response to previous unsuccessful attempts to produce a valid measure of intercultural sensitivity, Weiss (2012) created the Integrated Measure of Intercultural Sensitivity (IMIS). The aim of the current thesis was to examine the validity of an English version of the IMIS. After back-translation of the scale, two studies were conducted. Study 1 tested the construct validity of the IMIS amongst a population of native English speakers. Study 2 investigated the predictive and incremental validity of the IMIS subscales in regard to outcomes relating to success in a multicultural workplace. The results of these two studies reveal that only one subscale is a valid predictor of such outcomes; this subscale did not predict additional variance when compared to existing predictive measures such as the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire and the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The results of these two studies indicate that the IMIS is not a valid measure of intercultural sensitivity; however the potential for a valid measure intercultural sensitivity is emphasized.</p>

Sleep Time Estimated by an Actigraphy Watch Correlates With CSF Tau in Cognitively Unimpaired Elders: The Modulatory Role of APOE

There is increasing evidence of the relationship between sleep and neurodegeneration, but this knowledge is not incorporated into clinical practice yet. We aimed to test whether a basic sleep parameter, as total sleep estimated by actigraphy for 1 week, was a valid predictor of CSF Alzheimer’s Disease core biomarkers (amyloid-β-42 and –40, phosphorylated-tau-181, and total-tau) in elderly individuals, considering possible confounders and effect modifiers, particularly the APOE ε4 allele. One hundred and twenty-seven cognitively unimpaired volunteers enrolled in the Valdecilla Study for Memory and Brain Aging participated in this study. Seventy percent of the participants were women with a mean age of 65.5 years. After adjustment for covariates, reduced sleep time significantly predicted higher t-tau and p-tau. This association was mainly due to the APOE ε4 carriers. Our findings suggest that total sleep time, estimated by an actigraphy watch, is an early biomarker of tau pathology and that APOE modulates this relationship. The main limitation of this study is the limited validation of the actigraphy technology used. Sleep monitoring with wearables may be a useful and inexpensive screening test to detect early neurodegenerative changes.

Subject-specific tests improve master admission

Objective: We investigated the predictive power of bachelor grades and a subject-specific admission test used to select students who enlisted to study in a German master’s program in psychology. Methods: Analyses are based on the data of 2,264 university applicants from five cohorts. Results: Bachelor grades were not significantly correlated with master grades as well as with test scores for external applicants, but the relationships were significant for internal applicants. In contrast, the correlation of test scores and master grades was comparable between groups, which can be seen as an indicator of test fairness. Regression analysis showed that the admission test was a valid predictor for master grades. Furthermore, we found that both predictors, bachelor grades and test scores, were incrementally valid. Discussion: In sum, this study illustrates the benefits of using a standardized test for master student admission. We discuss issues of using coherent admission criteria across institutions.

Age Is a Predictor for the Syncope Recurrence in Elderly Vasovagal Syncope Patients With a Positive Head-Up Tilt Test

Background: Valid predictors of the syncope recurrence in vasovagal syncope (VVS) patients with a positive head-up tilt test (HUTT) are currently lacking. The goal of this study was to identify the predictive performance of age for the recurrence of syncope in VVS patients with a positive HUTT.Methods: In total, 175 VVS patients with a positive HUTT were observed for 6–32 months, and the recurrence of ≥1 syncope or typical pre-syncope prodromal episodes during follow-up was considered syncope recurrence. The population was divided into 2 groups, namely, a syncope recurrence group (44 patients) and a no syncope recurrence group (131 patients). The baseline clinical data, haemodynamic parameters, and classification of VVS on the HUTT were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyse the effect size and confidence interval for age. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the predictive performance and investigate the predictive value of age by the area under the curve (AUC).Results: The median age of the syncope recurrence group was older than that of the no syncope recurrence group [60.0 (47.8, 66.0) years&gt;53.0 (43.0, 62.0) years], and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). The trend for syncope recurrence changed with advancing age, and the logistic regression model adjusted by sex showed that older patients had an increased risk of syncope recurrence in VVS with a positive HUTT [OR value: 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.008–1.061, p &lt; 0.05]. Age was a valid predictor for the recurrence of syncope in elderly VVS patients with a positive HUTT (AUC: 0.688; 95% CI: 0.598–0.777, p &lt; 0.05). The cut-off value was 53.5 years, and the sensitivity and specificity were 72.7 and 52.7%, respectively.Conclusions: Age may be a valid predictor for syncope recurrence in elderly VVS patients with a positive HUTT. The rate of syncope recurrence increased with advancing age, especially in females.

Phase Angle as an Easy Diagnostic Tool of Meta-Inflammation for the Nutritionist

Phase angle (PhA), a noninvasive bioimpedance marker, is a useful tool for nutritional screening in several diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP), a strong risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is a commonly used biomarker of meta-inflammation. As both PhA and CRP are influenced by age, BMI, and nutritional status, and exhibit a clear sex dimorphism, we examined the association between PhA and CRP levels in 1855 subjects (680 males and 1175 females), aged 18–59 years, with BMIs ranging from 19.5 to 69.4 kg/m2, stratified according to sex. PhA values and CRP levels were significantly lower in females than males (p < 0.001), while the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was lower in males compared to females (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, and adherence to the MD, PhA remained negatively associated with CRP levels in both genders (p < 0.001). In the ROC analysis, PhA ≤ 5.5° in males and ≤5.4° in females were the threshold values predicting increased hs-CRP levels. These results suggested that PhA might represent a valid predictor of CRP levels in both sexes regardless of body weight and adherence to the MD, which avoids the collection of blood sampling and expensive biochemical assays.

Investigating the Longitudinal Relationship Between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Objective Cognition

Research examining the relationship between subjective cognitive complaints and objective cognitive performance has been mixed. Despite the lack of clear evidence demonstrating an association, subjective cognitive complaints are used as a criterion for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and is considered a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Cross-lagged panel analyses were used in the current study to examine the longitudinal relationships between subjective cognitive complaints (using the Memory Functioning Questionnaire) and objective cognition (e.g., reasoning, memory, spatial visualization, processing speed, and vocabulary) in healthy adults over 60 from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project (N=441). Results indicated that objective and subjective cognition were only weakly related but that objective cognition is a stronger predictor of subjective cognitive complaints then vice versa. Although subjective cognitive complaints may be an early indicator of pathological aging, results indicate that subjective cognitive complaints may not be a valid predictor of objective cognitive decline.

Long-term worsening of different body functions in persons with progressive multiple sclerosis

Background It is unclear whether EDSS is responsive to disability worsening in advanced MS. Objective To explore the dynamics of disability worsening in persons with advanced-stage MS (EDSS ≥5.5) using three disability worsening definitions (EDSS, Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT)). Methods EDSS-, RMI- and 9-HPT-based disability worsening were assessed over a minimum of two years in a cohort of 286 persons with advanced MS attending inpatient rehabilitation using Kaplan-Meier Curves and multivariable Cox regression. Furthermore, the correspondence between EDSS-, RMI- and 9-HPT-based disability worsening was analyzed. Results Disability progression was observed in 49% (9-HPT), 52% (EDSS) and 53% (RMI), with 9-HPT-based worsening slightly lagging behind. The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) was the only consistent factor predicting disability worsening based on all three definitions (EDSS: hazard ratio 1.48 [1.30;1.68]; RMI: 1.12 [0.99;1.27]; 9-HPT: 1.36 [1.18;1.57]). Correspondence between EDSS and the other definitions (9-HPT and RMI) was 44.3% and 55.7% at time of EDSS progression and 65.1% and 72.5% overall, respectively. Conclusion In persons with advanced-stage MS, half still developed disability worsening in different functional systems over a median of 6 years. MSSS seems a valid predictor for disability worsening in all three outcome measures in advanced MS.

The National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) systematically underestimates the risk of in-hospital mortality in unplanned COVID-19 admissions to hospital

BackgroundAlthough the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and its latest version NEWS2 are recommended for monitoring for deterioration in patients admitted to hospital, little is known about their performance in COVID-19 patients. We analysed the performance of National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAdult non-elective admissions discharged between 11-March-2020 to 13-June-2020 with an index NEWS2 electronically recorded within ±24 hours of admission are used to predict mortality at four time points (in-hospital, 24hours, 48hours, and 72hours) in COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 admissions.ResultsOut of 6480 non-elective admissions, 620 (9.6%) had a diagnosis of COVID-19. They were older (73.3 vs 67.7yrs), more often male (54.7% vs 50.1%), had higher index NEWS (4 vs 2.5) and NEWS2 (4.6 vs 2.8) scores and higher in-hospital mortality (32.1% vs 5.8%). The c-statistics for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 admissions was significantly lower using NEWS (0.64 vs 0.74) or NEWS2 (0.64 vs 0.74), however these differences reduced at 72hours (NEWS: 0.75 vs 0.81; NEWS2: 0.71 vs 0.81), 48 hours (NEWS: 0.78 vs 0.81; NEWS2: 0.76 vs 0.82) and 24hours (NEWS: 0.84 vs 0.84; NEWS2: 0.86 vs 0.84). Increasing NEWS2 values reflected increased mortality, but for any given value the absolute risk was on average 24% higher (e.g.NEWS2=5: 36% vs 9%).InterpretationNEWS2 is a valid predictor of the mortality risk but substantially underestimates the absolute mortality risk in COVID-19 patients. Clinical staff and escalation protocols based on NEWS2 need to make note of this finding.

Age is a predictor for the recurrence of syncope in vasovagal syncope patients with a positive head-up tilt test

BACKROUND Valid predictors of the recurrence of syncope in vasovagal syncope(VVS) patients with a positive head-up tilt test (HUTT) are currently lacking. The goal of this study was to identify the predictive performance of age for the recurrence of syncope in VVS patients with a positive HUTT.METHODS in total, 175 VVS patients with a positive HUTT were followed for 6 to 32 months, and ≥1 syncope episodes during follow-up was considered the recurrence of syncope. The study population was divided into 2 groups, namely, a recurrence of syncope group (44 patients) and a no recurrence of syncope group (131 patients). The baseline clinical data, hemodynamic parameters and classification of the vasovagal syncope on the HUTT were analyzed. Logistics regression was used to analyze the effect size and confidence interval of age. A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was used to assess the predictive performance and investigate the predictive value of age by the area under the curve (AUC).RESULTS The age of recurrence of syncope group 60.0 (47.8, 66.0) years was older than that of no recurrence of syncope group 53.0 (43.0, 62.0) years, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The trend of syncope recurrence changed with age and the logistics regression model adjusted by sex showed that the elder was an increased risk of syncope recurrence in VVS with positive HUTT [OR value: 1.03, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.008 to 1.061 p < 0.05].Age was a valid predictor for the recurrence of syncope in VVS patients with a positive HUTT (AUC: 0.688; 95%CI 0.598 to 0.777 p < 0.05). The cut-off value was 53.5 years, and the sensitivity and specificity were 72.7% and 52.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Age may be a valid predictor for recurrence of syncope in VVS patients with positive HUTT. The rate of recurrence of syncope increased with increasing age, especially in old female.