EVOLUTION OF COHESION POLICY. MISSION AND GOVERNANCE

Cohesion policy is the major investment vehicle and the most reforming EU budgetary chapter. Its landmark reforms mark key integration processes in the European Union. The present policy paper provides reflections of the dynamics of the main development trends in cohesion policy as determined by global phenomena, namely the economic and financial crisis and the current COVID-19 pandemic. They severely hit the entire EU, inevitably also affecting cohesion policy. The article shows that governance and the mission of cohesion policy has been adjusted to their aftermaths. Reforms introduced new measures and reinforced policy’s centralized European profile. Thus, evolution of cohesion policy is an illustration of its transformation from the merely redistributive tool with limited budgetary resources into the full-fledged development policy aimed at safeguarding that EU’s visions and goals will be pursued. The paper concludes that a new architecture poses the major challenge for cohesion policy after 2020 as its responsibilities and ever tightening governance continues while its budgets shrinks.

DIGITALIZATION OF ECONOMY AND TRANSITION TO NATIONAL DIGITAL CURRENCY

The study is devoted to the main aspects of digitalization of the economy. As a result, the authors identified the main development trends and tools that support it. The most significant was the trend towards the development of its own digital currency in Russia, the introduction of which will provide significant benefits to citizens, business and the state.

Hybrid Power System for the Range Extension of Security Robots: Specification Development Phase

This paper describes our best practices related to hybrid power system (HPS) development, with a focus on the specification development phase. The HPS specifications are based on the main development goals of our security robot, which place top priority on 24 h continuous operation on a single charge. Similar to human guards, security robots are expected to operate 24 h per day, seven days per week, but existing battery-powered robots cannot meet these goals. For long-duration missions, their operating times are too short, and their charging times are too long. As an effective alternative, hydrogen fuel cells are combined with batteries to hybridize the power systems of security robots. In this study, several HPS structures were comprehensively compared by selecting a one-stage series structure. Component specifications were determined based on the selected structure to achieve the main development goals of our security robot. To verify whether the determined specifications are valid, a HPS simulator was developed. The key operating conditions for the HPS were simulated, including overloading, terminal short-circuiting, and drive cycling. Under critical conditions, the behavior of the entire system and its components was confirmed. The developed specifications will eventually be carried over to the prototyping phase.

The place of linguistics in modern sci-fi and fantasy studies

The article analyzes the most significant foreign studies of sci-fi and fantasy in order to define the place of linguistics in this sphere of research, to highlight relevant linguistic problems that require further research. Two main development directions of linguistic studies are emphasized, and the necessity of the further specifically linguistic study of certain problems is established.

Application of Machine Vision Recognition System in Mobile Robot

In order to solve the problem of autonomous recognition of hexapod robot and realize the intelligent and humanized development of robot, OpenMV is taken as the main platform, hexapod robot is taken as the main machine carrier, Python is taken as the main development language, C language is taken as the auxiliary development language, and the reasonable application of image processing technology is added. A simple visual recognition system based on OpenMV is designed to realize the application of visual recognition.

The Linguistic Concept «Russians Are a Fighting Nation» as a Tool to Manage Chinese Social Consciousness

The study focuses on the concept of «Russians are a fighting nation» in the modern Chinese language, which emerged in 2013 and remains unknown to the vast majority of Russians. The concept has become a total synonym for the concept of «Russians» and has a positive connotation unusual for the Chinese language in the nomination of foreigners. The article is a comprehensive study of the «fighting nation» concept with consideration of its chronological, semantic and stylistic development as an instrument of influencing the worldview of the Chinese nation and the formation of its attitude towards other peoples. The study reveals that, initially, the concept of «the fighting nation» was artificially introduced and popularized by the Chinese authorities; then its internal structure was modified from the professional historical and cultural content to its further artificial transformation in 2016 into an Internet meme among the Chinese youth; and, finally, the loss of control over the dissemination of the concept led to the need for a campaign to discredit the «Russians are a fighting nation» concept, which has achieved only limited results. As a new and effective approach to managing the development of the concept, the Chinese authorities proposed to shift the positive features of the concept from the Russians to the Chinese and formulate a new postulate that «the Chinese are the real fighting nation», which has become the main development direction for the «fighting nation» concept for the next few years. The research findings can be applied in efficient international cultural communication, translation, as well as in a range of socio-cultural and linguistic studies

Development Trends of Current Agricultural Tractors of Traction Class 3

Specifications of current agricultural tractors of traction class 3 are analyzed, their distinctive features and main development trends are identified.

Characteristics of Iris pumila and standard and miniature dwarf bearded irises in the collection of the Education and Research Center “Botanical Garden” of Saratov State University

The article presents the results of the study of phenoritmes and introductional evaluation of dwarf irisand its grade forms. During the phenological observations between 2016 and 2020, the Education and Research Center“Botanical Garden” in Saratov established calendar dates of the main development phases, determined the average datesand duration of flowering in the studied samples. The revision showed that the studied species and varieties are stable inthe culture in the Lower Volga region, as they are winter-resistant, immune to diseases and pests, are distinguished by thedecorative flowering. The varieties of toffee are low for a number of observed years successfully grow, preserving theirvarietal characteristics. Assessment of the introduction success showed that the studied species and varieties of iris werepromising for introduction into the culture and can be recommended for landscaping in the conditions of Saratov.

USA: Ophthalmologic Evaluation and Management of Acute Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) can cause significant damage to the ocular surface and eyelids. The sloughing and inflammation of the ocular mucosal epithelium during the acute phase may lead to scarring sequelae of the eyelids and ocular surface, resulting in pain and vision loss. Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) to the eyes and eyelids during the initial 1–2 weeks of the disease can decrease the chronic sequelae. The main development in the ophthalmologic treatment of SJS/TEN in the USA over the last 15 years has been the use of AMT on the ocular surface and eyelids during the acute phase. The evolution of AMT techniques, refinement of the evaluation of the eyes in acute SJS, and the efforts to increase the use of AMT in the USA are discussed.