Risky Therefore Not Beneficial: Replication and Extension of Finucane et al.’s (2000) Affect Heuristic Experiment

Risks and benefits are negatively related in people’s minds. Finucane et al. causally demonstrated that increasing risks of a hazard leads people to judge its benefits as lower. Vice versa, increasing benefits leads people to judge its risks as lower (original: r = −.74 [−0.92, −0.30]). This finding is consistent with an affective explanation, and the negative relationship is often presented as evidence for an affect heuristic. In two well-powered studies, using a more stringent analytic strategy, we replicated the original finding. We observed a strong negative relationship between judgments of risks and benefits across three technologies, although we do find that there was no change in risks when highlighting low benefits. We note that risks seem to be more responsive to manipulation (as opposed to benefits) and find evidence that the negative relationship can depend on incidental mood. We provided materials, data sets, and analyses on https://osf.io/sufjn/?view_only=6f8f5dc6ff524149a4ed5c6de9296ae8 .

Teacher Attrition and Mobility Over Time

We use 35 years of data on public school teachers in Washington to calculate several different measures of teacher attrition and mobility. We explore how these rates vary over time and their relationship with the state unemployment rate. Annual rates of teacher attrition from the workforce have been between 5% and 8% for each of the past 35 years, and there is a strong negative relationship between unemployment rates and these rates of attrition. This history suggests that teacher attrition is likely to increase as the economy recovers after the pandemic, but this increase is likely to be modest.

Entrapment and escape: Exploring the relationship between suicide and emigration in a post-communist country

Background: Suicide rate in Hungary was nearly the highest in the world in the decades preceding the transition of the social system. Shortly after the transition in 1989, a radical decrease in fatal suicides occurred, parallel with a marked increase in emigration. Methods: We analyzed the data published by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office to detect if there was an association between the remarkable drop in suicide rates and the changes in emigration rates from 1995 to 2019. Results: The results of a brief statistical analysis on the correlation between suicide rate and emigration confirmed a strong negative relationship ( r = −.855, p = .00). For more precise results, we applied linear regression analysis, which showed that the emigration rate predicted 73.2% of suicide rate variances with a high predictive value (β = −.983). Conclusion: The study provides a possible explanation through a phenomenological analysis on major life transformations. Relating the arrested flight/cry of pain theory, the theory of rites of passage and double-bind communication resulted a comprehensive and coherent, but not exhaustive explanation on the relationship between suicide and emigration.

Increased Anxiety and Decreased Confidence Lead to Poorer Short-Passing Performance in Collegiate Soccer Players

Introduction: Competitive soccer players are required to perform short passing under stressful conditions; their success may be related to their self-confidence and anxiety levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between short-passing ability and anxiety and self-confidence among collegiate soccer players. Methods: Seventeen Division III collegiate soccer players (20.0 ± 1.0 years, 65% female) completed the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI), Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory (TSCI), and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R) and the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT). Spearman’s rho (rs) was used to identify if a relationship between these inventories and LSPT time existed. Results: Mean LSPT total time was 55.7 ± 12.0 seconds. We observed positive relationships between SCAT and LSPT total time (rs = .51, p = .04) and CSAI-2R and LSPT total time (rs = .55, p =.03). Furthermore, a strong negative relationship was found between TSCI and LSPT total time (rs = -.68, p = .004). Conclusions: There is a relationship between anxiety, confidence and short-passing performance in collegiate soccer players. Coaches should consider interventions to decrease players’ anxiety and improve self-confidence in preparation for soccer competition.

Tax Write-Off and Remission on Revenue Mobilization in Wiawso Municipal Assembly of Ghana

The maiden budget of the Akufo-Addo administration, presented by the Finance Minister on Thursday, March 2, 2021, saw the downward revision of certain taxes while others were completely abolished. According to Public Finance General Directorate, the purpose of taxation as enshrined in the French laws is “for the maintenance of public force and administrative expenses”. The need therefore to increase internally generated funds have been at the center stage of most developing countries, as Donor Partners insist on ensuring efficiency in tax administration before loans can be granted. Against the backdrop of tax cuts announced in the 2021 budget, this study seeks to evaluate the effect of tax cuts on revenue mobilization in the Wiawso Municipal Assembly of Ghana. The study employed the purposive sampling technique, making use of a population of 50. The result of the study showed that there is a strong negative relationship between tax cuts and revenue mobilization. Hence tax cuts can be assumed to reduce revenue mobilization. It also came to light that non-compliance was the main challenge facing the revenue collectors in the Wiawso Municipality. In the light of the above, the following recommendations were made. Government should support GRA by providing the necessary resources needed by the staff to carry out their daily activities effectively. For instance, the introduction of the taxpayer identification system. Technical training should also be organized regularly for GRA staff in other to help them acquire the necessary technical skills needed to carry out their activities effectively.

Effects of Self-Monitoring Physical Activity Using Technology in Primary Care: A Pilot Intervention

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is a primary factor in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, yet only half of U.S. adults meet recommended levels.ObjectiveTo evaluate a PA self-monitoring pilot intervention using technology in obese adult primary care patients.MethodsThe project had a prospective, single group, pretest/posttest design using an accelerometer with a smartphone app. Obese adult primary care patients (N = 31) were followed over 6 months. Demographic (age, race, sex, marital status, educational level) and PA-relevant (PA, body mass index [BMI], self-efficacy for exercise [SEE]) data were collected at enrollment. PA and BMI were recorded monthly for 6 months. SEE was reassessed at 6 months.ResultsPA and BMI showed gradual improvement; however, changes in PA (p = .130), BMI (p = .326), and SEE (p = .877) at 6 months were not statistically significant. A strong, negative relationship was found between PA and BMI (r = −.727, p < .01). Anecdotal data indicated the smartphone app was acceptable to patients.ConclusionsData-supported clinician-initiated PA self-monitoring with a smartphone app was acceptable and showed favorable trends in improving PA and BMI in obese adult patients.Implications for NursingPrescribing PA self-monitoring using technology may be easily implemented.

Thriving at Work: The Effect of Psychological Capital on Teachers Burnout Symptoms

Besides thriving primary school teachers' performance, we hypothesized that whether teachers' burnout at the workplace can be reversed through psychological capital or what type of relationship exists between them. Quantitative data were gathered from 1005 participants. All the respondents were associated with primary schools located in 4 districts of the Punjab province. The data collection was done through a questionnaire and inventory. The finding explained that participants' psychological capital is negatively associated with burnout frequency and burnout intensity. This strong negative relationship of psychological capital is greater with burnout intensity (r = -.537). It is estimated that teachers' psychological capital significantly has a predictive effect on burnout. It is difficult for educational trainers to gauge the high level of psychological capital. Therefore, an authentic scientific watch of burnout symptoms among teachers is recommended. This scrutiny may lead trainers and educationists to develop methods of raising psychological money after shortlisting them.

Effects of Aging on Hemodynamic Kinetics in Different Intensities of Dynamic Exercise

Healthy aging hemodynamics is known to exhibit a time-dependent loss of function. We aimed at verifying whether older men would have a slowed cardiac output and stroke volume dynamics in response to the onset (“on”) and on recovery (“off”) of exercise in comparison to young men. Twenty healthy active men (10 young and 10 older) were recruited. Participants performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer, and on another day, 3 constant workload tests in different intensities. Compared to younger, older men exhibited a slower cardiac output and stroke volume dynamics in both on and off transients for all exercise intensities (all P < 0.05). During higher intensities, both younger and older men had slower hemodynamic kinetics compared to lower intensities (all P < 0.05). There was strong negative relationship between the time constant of cardiac output on-kinetics during high-intensity with maximal exercise performance in both groups (r = –0.88, P < 0.01). We interpret these findings to mean that healthy older men have slowed hemodynamic kinetics compared to younger, but this difference becomes less evident in higher intensities of exercise.

GDP-PMI Nexus: Nigeria in Focus

This study seeks to contribute to extant literature on the relationship between the manufacturing and non-manufacturing purchasing manager’s index (PMI) and the real gross domestic product (GDP) in Nigeria. The study was carried out at Statistics Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria between 2010:Q1 – 2019:Q3 (for seasonally adjusted quarterly real gross domestic product (GDP)) and 2014:M7 – 2019:M9 (for monthly PMI). Pearson correlation test and plots are the adopted methods. The uniqueness of this study is the utilization of growth rates for both variables as well as employing a disaggregated approach in other to drill down to discover the true drivers of the relationship between the two variables. Results shows that CBN PMI is the most reliable of the three PMI indices computed for Nigeria. In addition, input price, output prices and quantity purchased, are the true determinants (from the manufacturing sector) of the direction of real GDP growth. Output price has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-83%, contemporaneous), while input price too has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-88% contemporaneous and -90% at lag 1) and quantity of purchases has a strong positive relationship with real GDP. From the non-manufacturing sector, average input price has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-84%, with 2 periods lag), new export orders have a strong positive relationship with real GDP growth (77% with 3 periods lag) and imports also has a strong positive relationship with real GDP growth (85% with 1 period lag). Because prices have such a significant effect on GDP growth, it is recommended that both the monetary and fiscal authorities work together to curb inflation growth which has been trending upwards.

Hubungan Antara Support System Dengan DAS (Depression, Anxiety, Stress) Pada Perempuan Yang Menikah Di Usia Dini Di Kecamatan Sirimau, Kota Ambon

The Relationship between Support System with the DAS (Depression, Anxiety and Stress) in Women Married at Early Age in Sirimau District, Ambon CityBackground Marriage at an early age is a marriage between a man and a woman who has not reached the age of 19. Teens who marry at an early age can experience an impact on their personal life, one of which is the psychological impact such as they experience depression, anxiety, stress. Psychological maturity is one of the reasons they can experience psychological impacts, for that they need a support system or social support. Destination of the study was to describe the relationship between support systems and depression, anxiety, stress in women who marry at an early age. Method used is quantitative research. Method used stratified random sampling technique in women who married at an early age in Sirimau sub-district, Ambon city and obtained 33 respondents. Data analysis used STATA 13 and Pearson Product Moment correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. Result show that there is a strong negative relationship in the support system for each variable of Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Conclusion the support system has a strong negative relationship with depression, anxiety and stress in women who marry at an early age in Sirimau district, Ambon city. That is, the better the support system that is built / provided, the lower the watershed level will be.Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, and Stress, Marriage at an Early Age, Support System.