Diurnal microclimate profile in tropical coastal built environment (case: Universitas Islam Sultan Agung campus area, Semarang)

Microclimate is caused by the interaction between atmosphere and earth surfaces in local areas. Built environment has pay attention in microclimate since it considerably affects the thermal earth surfaces. This research is located in tropical coastal area, specifically at Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang campus area as a part of built environment where close to the Java sea. The aim of this paper is to investigate the diurnal pattern of microclimate in research location before modelled to the wider area. A numerical modelling method is applied in this research to simulate the diurnal thermal pattern. The research shows that microclimate is influenced by the earth surface objects and following the sun movement respectively.

Harmony of Sustainability and Productivity: Korean Templestay as Sustainable Tourism

Achieving the three pillars of sustainable tourism development has long been debated in the literature. This study revealed that sustainability and productivity are not mutually exclusive, analyzing Templestay as part of Korea’s 1700-year-old cultural heritage. The study discussed the challenging case of fulfilling triple-bottom-line sustainable social, environmental, and economic requirements in tourism development. Templestay has enormous potential to be one of the competitive tourism products as a cultural resource, attracting visitors to local areas. The prosperity and potentiality of Templestay may offer insightful contexts to bridge the gap between a sustainable philosophy and destination productivity. The study suggests further research to investigate tourism’s ontological and epistemological nature in terms of sustainability and productivity.

New Workflow of Sediment Mass Balancing, from Local Datasets, for Predicting Basin Scale Trends

Objectives/Scope Sediment volumetric budget estimates are very important input parameters for process-based depositional modelling (forward stratigraphic modelling). This paper presents a new integrated approach for analyze sediment volumetric budgets in sedimentary basins that is based on the reconstruction of regional grain size trends. In subsurface studies of sediment routing systems, noticeable uncertainties in estimated total sediment volumes occur when available datasets are limited to local areas that do not cover the entire sediment routing system. These uncertainties also affect models of catchment areas, structural uplift, and denudation rates as well as net:gross predictions. Methods, Procedures, Process The new integrated approach focuses on reconstructing sediment budgets for entire sediment fairways from limited local datasets. It uses a combination of sediment mass balancing and local grain size distributions to predict basin-wide grain size distributions. The comparison of local grain size to fairway-scale grain size trends is key in correcting sediment volumetrics for significantly reduced uncertainties in catchment reconstruction and net:gross ratios predictions at the scale of sediment fairways, sub-basins, prospects and exploration/production fields. Results, Observations, Conclusions The new approach has been applied successfully to two subsurface continental to marine delta systems. They cover periods of approximately 7 My in total and include four limited local areas of interest (AOI). These local AOIs measure 200×200 km, while the entire sub-basin measures 500×800 km. The new approach indicates that only up to 40% of the total sediment volume of each fairway could be captured by previous methodologies with limited local areas of interest. A maximum of 70% of the entire sink sediment volume could be incorporated in local areas of interest. The new approach presented in this paper significantly lowers the uncertainties in sediment volume estimates, depositional rates and lithology distribution input parameters in forward stratigraphic modelling. For the two case studies, previous sediment flux models indicated rates of 10,000 km/Myr. The new integrated approach indicates that sediment flux actually reached 30,000 km/Myr with major implications for sediment distribution, net:gross prediction and catchment size and denudation rates estimates. Novel/Additive Information The new integrated approach reduces uncertainties in catchment size and tectonic exhumation rate estimates for clastic depositional systems. It provides lower uncertainty parameters (sediment volume, source locations, sediment fractions, diffusion coefficients) for forward stratigraphic modelling, e.g., for reservoir quality prediction in hydrocarbon exploration. In fundamental research, provenance analyses can be better constrained by improved catchment size prediction and sediment grain size distribution models for sink areas

Assessment of the effect of the steels structure dispersion on its magnetic and mechanical properties

Introduction: The control of the mechanical properties of structural steels is one of the main processes that regulate the service life of equipment. In most technical processes (pressure treatment, welding, rolling, thermal exposure), structure changes both in local areas and in the entire volume. Changes in the steel structure entail changes in its properties and as a result in local areas, at various stages of operation, the likelihood of the occurrence and development of critical defects increases. Its presence significantly affects the performance of the equipment, and leads to premature aging of the material and its failure. Precisely because the control of the mechanical properties of steel remains one of the urgent problems, new control methods are being developed. It is known that all properties of steel depend on the structure of the substance, however, studies on the effect of the dispersion of the structure under consideration on the mechanical properties are presented in an insignificant amount. Purpose: to analyze from a mathematical point of view the influence of the factor of different grain size, as a parameter reflecting the dispersity of the system, on the mechanical properties of structural steel. The paper studies a heat-treated planar samples of steels 15KhSND, 09G2S and St3. Methods of research: scanning electron and optical microscopes are used to study the grain structure and grain boundaries; SIAMS 700 software package is used for finding the boundaries and average data of the grain structure; portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer of metals and alloys X-MET 7000 is used to determine the chemical composition of the test samples in percentage; tensile testing machine IR-50 is used for measuring the tensile strength of samples; Vickers hardness tester is used to determine the hardness of samples. Results and discussion: it is found that there is a satisfactory correlation for the mechanical properties of structural steels (hardness and ultimate strength) and the grain size factor, which can be used to predict the hazardous states of structures and the operating time. The analysis of variance and regression of the detected dependencies is carried out. It is noted that the dropout of some values from the general regression dependence can most likely be associated with a decrease in the value of internal stresses as a result of a decrease in the distortions of the crystal lattice of steel occurring during heat treatment. It should be noted that the processes occurring and the degree of its influence on the properties of the structural steels under consideration can be different due to the presence of different amounts of alloying elements in the composition of the studied steels.

Submarine Geomorphological Features and Their Origins Analyzed from Multibeam Bathymetry Data in the South China Sea

We processed the raw multi-beam bathymetry data acquired in the central and northeastern part of the South China Sea by eliminating noise and abnormal water depth values caused by environmental factors, and a high resolution bathymetric map with a 20-m grid interval was constructed. Various scales of seafloor geomorphological features were identified from the data, including an image of Shenhu canyon, which is located in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea; submarine reticular dunes in the north of the Dongsha atoll; submarine parallel dunes in the northeast of the Dongsha atoll; and several seamounts in the southwest sub-basin and in the east sub-basin. In the processing step, various anomalies in the multi-beam bathymetry data were corrected. The optimal swath filtering and surface filtering methods were chosen for different scales of seafloor topography in order to restore the true geomorphological features. For the large-scale features with abrupt elevation changes, such as seamounts (heights of ~111–778 m) and submarine canyons (incision height of ~90–230 m), we applied swath filtering to remove noise from the full water depth range of the data, and then surface filtering to remove small noises in the local areas. For the reticular dunes and parallel dunes (heights of ~2–32 m), we applied only surface filtering to refine the data. Based on the geometries of the geomorphological features with different scales, the marine hydrodynamic conditions, and the regional structure in the local areas, we propose that the Shenhu submarine canyon was formed by turbidity current erosion during the Sag subsidence and the sediment collapse. The submarine reticular dunes in the north of the Dongsha atoll were built by the multi-direction dominant currents caused by the previously recognised internal solitary waves around the Dongsha atoll. The submarine parallel dunes in the northeast of the Dongsha atoll were built by the repeated washing of sediments with the influence of the tidal currents and internal solitary waves. The conical, linear and irregular seamounts identified from the bathymetry data were formed during the spreading of the southwest sub-basin and the east sub-basin. The identified seamounts in the multi-beam bathymetry data are correlated to deep magmatic activities, the Zhongnan transform fault and the NE-trending faults.

Degradation of glaciation of the Kazbek-Dzhimarai mountain cluster and individual glaciers in the river basins Urukh, Ardon, Fiagdon, Gizeldon and Genaldon (territory of North Ossetia- Alania)

Работа направлена на исследование темпов деградации оледенения Центрального Кавказа в пределах Горной Осетии с охватом юго-восточных склонов Казбеко-Джимарайского мас- сива на территории Грузии. Основным методом был выбран сравнительный анализ площадей оле- денения, отображенных на государственных топографических картах М 1 : 50 000, выполненных на основе аэрофотосъемки 1957 года и дешифрированных площадях оледенения на космических сним- ках GOOGL 2020 года для той же территории. В процессе работы были применены математиче- ские приемы, позволившие оценку масштабов деградации площади дневной поверхности отдельных ледово-фирновых образований сопровождать оценкой их объемов и средних мощностей. Полученные результаты для территории Горной Осетии хорошо согласуются с результатами проведения ана- логичных работ на других локальных площадях, как на территории России, так и за рубежом, что свидетельствует о глобальности распространения процесса распада горного оледенения, обуслов- ленном потеплением климата планеты. The work is aimed at studying the rate of degradation of glaciation in the Central Caucasus within Mountain Ossetia, covering the southeastern slopes of the Kazbek-Dzhimarai massif on the territory of Georgia. The main method was a comparative analysis of glacier areas displayed on state topographic maps M 1: 50,000, made on the basis of aerial photography in 1957 and decoded glaciation areas on space images of GOOGL 2020 for the same territory. In the course of the work, mathematical methods were applied that allowed the assessment of the scale of degradation of the day surface area of individual ice-fi rn formations to be accompanied by an assessment of their volumes and average thicknesses. The results obtained for the territory of Mountain Ossetia are in good agreement with the results of similar work in other local areas, both in Russia and abroad, which indicates the globality of the spread of the decay of mountain glaciation caused by the warming of the planet's climate.

Tourism Platforms

This chapter discusses a form of platform urbanism that has emerged with peer-to-peer digital tourist platforms like Airbnb and resulted in the touristification of regions. Even though sustainable development promotes ecotourism as a way of integrating local livelihoods into transnational commerce and cultural exchange, this chapter illustrates how the movement of external flows of people, capital, consumption—and narrations—into local areas rapidly transforms urban space and culture.

Local Revenue Mobilization and Composite Budget Implementation in Ghana: Examining the Challenges

Central governments recognize the key role played by local governments in the developmental agenda of these local areas, especially the effort at generating sufficient revenue locally to fund its own projects and programs. Ensuring effectiveness in decentralization calls for sufficient financial resources to help run the administrative machinery and foster local-level development. The study set out to examine the main challenges affecting local revenue mobilization in Ghana using the experience of three selected districts. To understand these key challenges, this study adopted the case study design to select three administrative assemblies in Ghana. The study found many delays in releasing funds from the central government in terms of releases, poor IGF mobilization affecting operationalization of the district budgets, and ability to carry out socio-economic and infrastructural projects. The study recommends that a PPP arrangement for revenue mobilization should be structured to benefit the Assembly.

Studying the fractal properties of Ceres

Currently, the asteroid Ceres belongs to small celestial bodies with the most well-known physical parameters. The study of the structural and real properties of Ceres is an urgent and modern task, the solution of which will make it possible to develop the evolutionary theory of a minor planet. In this work, the fractal properties of the dwarf planet Ceres were analyzed using data from the Dawn space mission. Using the expansion in a harmonic series in spherical functions the height parameters of the structural model of Ceres, a 3D model of Ceres was constructed. The analysis showed that the resulting system has a complex multiparameter fractal configuration. The study of such objects requires the use of harmonic multiparameter methods. Multivariate fractal analysis allows to represent systems similar to the Ceres model in the form of a spectrum of fractal dimensions. The advantage of fractal analysis is the ability to explore local areas of the physical surface. In this work, the Minkowski algorithm was used for this purpose. At the final stage, an overdetermined system was solved for various local areas of topocentric information in order to postulate a model that takes into account external measures. Fractal dimensions D are determined for local regions and the entire model of the planet. Fractal dimensions vary from 1.37 to 1.92 depending on the longitude and latitude of Ceres. The main results are as follows: 1) the structure of the Ceres surface varies more strongly in longitude; 2) the structure of Ceres is smoother in latitude; 3) the coefficient of self-similarity changes rather quickly in longitude, which indicates that different local regions of the minor planet were formed under the influence of various physical processes. It is necessary to emphasize that the resulting fractal dimensions are significantly scattered both in longitude and latitude of Ceres. This fact confirms the presence of a complex structure in the spatial model of a minor planet. This also applies to the actual physical surface of Ceres. The results of the work allow us to conclude that fractal modeling can give independent values of the fractal dimension both for the entire model of Ceres and for its local macrostructural regions.