Analisis Kondisi Atmosfer Saat Kejadian Hujan Lebat dan Angin Kencang di Probolinggo Berdasarkan Citra Satelit dan Citra Radar

The phenomenon of extreme weather, heavy rain and strong winds hit four sub-districts in Probolinggo Regency, East Java on January 3, 2020 at 17.00 WIB. Based on data from the East Java Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the incidence of heavy rain and strong winds resulted in damage to as many as 204 houses. This study uses remote sensing data in the form of C-Band Radar and Himawari-8 Satellite and Copernicus ECMWF renalysis data. The data is processed into spatial maps and graphs which are then analyzed descriptively. The results of data analysis show that the reflectivity value reaches 43 dBZ and the wind speed reaches 13.57 m / s with a rainfall of 15.83 mm / hour at 10.00 WIB. Based on the analysis of the Himawari-8 Satellite, the peak temperature of the clouds reached -73.1 oC and the atmospheric lability data showed that the atmosphere was unstable, which could indicate the possibility of heavy rain and strong winds. The value of vortices in the 1000 mb - 500 mb layer is negative and the humidity value ranges from 85% - 90% and a positive sea surface temperature anomaly value and the presence of windshields result in convergence of air masses which can support convective cloud growth as the cause of heavy rain events and strong winds in Probolinggo Regency, East Java

Avaliação da precipitação na produtividade agrícola da cana-de-açúcar: estudo de caso usina coruripe para as safras de 2000/2005

This study evaluates the influence of rainfall, southern oscillation index (SOI), multivariate index of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), sea surface temperature anomaly of the sea surface (SSTA) in the Atlantic dipole index and normalized difference vegetation (NDVI/derived from satellites METEOSAT 9 and 10) on agricultural productivity of cane sugar (ton/ha) on the southern coast of the State of Alagoas for the period 2000-2005. Analyses were performed using rainfall Coruripe Plant, located in the municipality of Coruripe/AL. The results show that the annual variability of the agricultural productivity of cane sugar mill Coruripe is modulated largely by rainfall. Additionally, characterized and interannual variability annual agricultural productivity of cane sugar related to climate variability. The results also suggest that the NDVI data from the satellites METEOSAT 9 and 10 used in this work, proved to be, useful observations to characterize the agricultural productivity of cane sugar mill Coruripe.

Análise da Variabilidade Climática dos Oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico

The sea surface temperature is one of the main variables for analyzing the global climate, and with that, it is essential to know its behavior. Thus, the objective of this study is to understand the best temperature variability of the sea surface of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, through information on the causes of its variability using Wavelet analysis, and also using the climatic trends of the TSM of the oceans. Sea surface temperature anomaly data obtained through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with period of 1955-2018, for the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, divided into sectors and some statistical analyzes were used. Using the wavelet analysis method, it was possible to observe the phenomena El Niño South Oscillation, Atlantic Dipole, sunspots and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, acting on the studied time series; however, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which occurs in the Pacific Ocean, proved to be a phenomenon of dominant time scale in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The Mann-Kendall trend test showed a linear increase in the sea surface temperature anomaly for the two studied Oceans, and in both, the South sector has a greater increase than the North sector. Climate trends indicate that the Pacific Ocean is warming more than the Atlantic Ocean. It is also possible to conclude that the Southern sector of the two Oceans is heating up more than the Northern sector. The signs of the limit ranges for the averages of the southern sectors demonstrate greater variability of the anomalies at the South Atlantic and South Pacific. The Northern sector was more similar to the general basin, both in the Atlantic and the Pacific, proving the importance of continental areas for warming the oceans. These results were strengthened with those found by box plots and frequency distribution. The warming of the Pacific was also reinforced in all statistics mad.

Influence of the Ocean Mesoscale Eddy–Atmosphere Thermal Feedback on the Upper-Ocean Haline Stratification

The ocean mesoscale eddy–atmosphere (OME-A) interaction through the eddy-induced sea surface temperature anomaly can feedback on ocean dynamics in various ways (referred to as the OME-A thermal feedback). In this study, the influence of the OME-A thermal feedback on the upper-ocean haline structure is analyzed based on high-resolution coupled simulations. In the Oyashio Extension where pronounced surface temperature and salinity fronts are collocated, the haline stratification in the upper 200 m is significantly enhanced by the OME-A thermal feedback. This enhancement is mainly attributed to the weakening of the upward eddy salinity transport in response to the OME-A thermal feedback. The OME-A thermal feedback influences the vertical eddy salinity transport through its differed impacts on the mesoscale buoyancy and temperature anomaly variances. As temperature and salinity in the Oyashio Extension are strongly compensated for their effects on buoyancy, the dissipation of the mesoscale buoyancy anomaly variance b′2 by the OME-A thermal feedback is considerably weaker than that estimated from the mesoscale temperature anomaly alone, i.e., (gαT′)2, with g the gravity acceleration and α the thermal expansion coefficient. Correspondingly, the vertical eddy buoyancy transport (w′b′) is weakened by the OME-A thermal feedback to a lesser extent than its thermal component (gαw′T′). The different responses of w′b′ and gαw′T′ to the OME-A thermal feedback are reconciled by the reduced vertical eddy salinity transport.