First Year Student Perception and Experience of Online Topographical Anatomy Laboratory Classes using Zoom Technology during the COVID-19 Pandemic

During semester one of 2020, the units ‘Functional Anatomy of the Trunk’ and ‘Functional Anatomy of the Limbs’ which focus on human topographical anatomy were re-designed into an online delivery format and taught remotely in response to the COVID-19 lockdown. It was expected that the move to remote teaching would negatively impact student perception and learning experience, in particular that of the cadaver-based laboratory work. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the replacement of traditional face-to-face cadaver-based anatomy laboratories with an online version using digital anatomy resources and Zoom technology as the communication platform would achieve comparable student learning experience and outcomes. First Year Students (n=69) enrolled in these units were invited to participate in this study and were asked at the conclusion of each unit to complete an anonymous opinion-based survey via Qualtrics. The Qualtrics data, student grades and Learning Management System (LMS) statistics were analysed. Results indicate that student perception of the online gross anatomy laboratory learning was positive and that it had complemented their learning. Most students agreed that as a visual learning resource, it provided an improved understanding of anatomy and helped with the application of anatomical knowledge. Interestingly, student performance showed a similar range of marks compared with previous years. However, students strongly agreed that the online 2D learning experience had significant limitations when compared to live use of cadavers in laboratories.

Facial Nerve Schwannoma: The Rare/Great Mimicker of Vestibular Schwannoma/Neuroma

Schwannomas are benign tumors arising from Schwann cells which are a protective casing of nerves, composing myelin sheath and can develop in any nerve where Schwann cells are present. Most common are vestibulocochlear nerve schwannomas. Facial nerve schwannomas (FNSs) are uncommon tumors involving seventh nerve of which geniculate ganglion involvement is most common. Clinical presentations and the imaging appearances of FNSs are influenced by the topographical anatomy of the facial nerve and vary according to the segments involved. We report a case of 73-year-old man presenting with right side facial weakness of lower motor neuron type involvement. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are clinching the diagnosis. An early diagnosis is important in containing the disease facilitating early surgical intervention.

Professor Paul Jules Tillaux (1834–1904): His Contribution to Surgery and His Unknown Pioneer Work in Ophthalmic Surgery

Backround. Professor Paul Jules Tillaux (1834–1904) is considered to be a leading figure in the field of surgery during the 19th century. Methods. Although his work is mostly linked to orthopedic operations, he contributed a lot in ophthalmology and ophthalmic surgery too. Results. In addition, his masterpieces on topographical anatomy and clinical surgery became the gold standard treatises of the era.

Practical pregraduate teaching in Human Anatomy: A review

There is a general agreement in all fields of sciences that practical pre-graduate education in human anatomy is absolutely necessary. It constitutes an inseparable partner with theoretical learning on the path to knowledge. As such is it critical to (1) establish the set of specific objectives for each practical session (PS), and (2) define more precisely the outcomes (i.e., knowledge, skills and attitudes) that are expected by students. The principle for efficiency of practical sessions (PSs) is that they should take place immediately after didactic sessions of the corresponding topic(s). In this way, students could best reinforce their learning. Considering that the morphology of the human body can be learned by means other than direct observation/dissection of anatomical donors, media, models and imaging have also gained popularity as “anatomy learning tools” in recent years. Imaging is a perfect complement for teaching in the dissecting room, but always in correlation with the reality of bodydonor sections, prosections and dissections of the same region. Anatomical models and computer programs express the reality of the human body, however, anatomical variations and many other qualities (i.e., surgical skills, ethics, pathology, professionalism) can only be appreciated via hands-on use of an anatomical donor to science. Therefore, the anatomical donor remains the Gold Standard for anatomy teaching, especially topographical Anatomy.

Terminological aspects of morphology of the human perineal body and associated muscles

Objectives the terminological analysis of the identification of perineal body and associated muscles according to native and foreign literature. Material and methods.The literature on human anatomy, topographical anatomy, operative surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, proctology as well as urology was reviewed. We analyzed articles from several peer-reviewed scientific medical journals on the topic of the perineum and pelvic organs diseases. Results.The review of the literature indicates that most of native authors use the term "centrum tendineum perinei" despite last two international anatomical terminology revisions in 2003 and 2019. At the same time, the foreign authors use the term "perineal body" which is in line with contemporary anatomical terminology. It was also found that the authors disagree on the terminology and morphology not only of the "centrum tendineum perinei" but also of the muscles that form it.

ОТ ОПЕРАЦИОННОГО БЛОКА КАФЕДРЫ ДО СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ ЛАБОРАТОРИИ: АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ

Authors study reorganization process of Operative surgery and topographical anatomy department. Modern trends in education are analyzed, and possible ways to strategize and integrate scientific departments and educational programs are inspected.