Specialised Coating Processes Finding Pharmaceutical Applicability

The manuscript aims at furnishing comprehensive information pertaining specialised coating technology/ processes. Solid dosage forms and solid particulates (SDFSP) are the major contributing group in the solid pharmaceuticals (SoPs). SDFSP exhibit peculiar physico-chemical properties and interaction behaviour which create problems/ issues during their handling, processing, storage, and use. Modifying and/or engineering surface attributes of SDFSP are advocated as powerful tool to modify their interaction behaviour and realise their worthy applications and functionalities. In this regard coating their surfaces with coating material (CM) is novel approach. Said approach involves wet and dry process for realising deposition of CM onto the surface of SDFSP substrates. Both the processes modify and/or alter innate properties of SDFSP substrates either physically or chemically. Basing on involved wet or dry process the coating method is either dry coating method (DCM) or wet coating method (WCM). Accordingly nowadays there available number of specialised devices, that bases on diverse technologies. Amongst them some involves state-of-art process/ technology like Supercell coating technology (SCT), Chemical vapour deposition (CVD), Atomic/molecular layer deposition (AMLD), Electrostatic deposition, Thermo-mechanical process, Resonant acoustic technology, Fluidised-bed process, Supercritical fluid (SCF) technology, and others. These foundational for commercially availability of specialised equipments like Magnetically Assisted Impaction Coater (MAIC), Resodyn acoustic mixer, Hybridizer®, Theta-composer®. Mechanofusion®, and others. Working and working principle, applicability, benefits, pros and limitations of specialised coating processes and technologies are herein discussed and presented. Contained information hoped to be beneficent for pharmaceutical professionals and technocrats and professionals of allied field. Keywords: Coating, composite product, modification, specialised, surface.

Strain-dependent selective antimicrobial action of cationic polyelectrolytes on Gram-negative bacteria

Although electrostatic modification of bacterial surfaces using polyelectrolytes (PEs) is a convenient and versatile tool for biotechnological processes, the ambiguities in toxicity of PEs between various bacteria and the insufficient understanding of the mechanism of action of cationic PEs and their nano-thick shells formed around the bacteria create a bottleneck of the approach. Here, we show how the viability of two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas stutzeri, both from the Gram-negative group differs, when the cells are exposed to cationic PEs under different conditions. Although the cell wall architecture of the strains should be structurally similar, we found that the viability of E. coli was not affected by the electrostatic deposition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) or poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH), whereas for P. stutzeri the deposition resulted in high death rates. The cells of E. coli proved to be suitable templates for Layer-by-Layer (LbL) modification, while in P. stutzeri a modified protocol with mild conditions had to be used to ensure the viability of the cells. Super resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy allowed us to clearly visualize that after PE deposition onto the surface of the cells, the PEs could penetrate inside the cells of P. stutzeri, while forming a capsule around E. coli as expected. Therefore, this knowledge will help us select the most appropriate combinations of strains and PEs, for biotechnological processes or biomedical application, preventing unwanted toxicity.

Recent developments and prospects in the composition, extraction, stability, delivery system, digestion and food applications of plant oil bodies

Oil bodies (OBs) are micron- or submicron-sized sub-organelles widely found in plants seeds and nuts. The structure OBs is composed of a core of triglycerides covered by a phospholipid-protein layer, which ensures the stability of the OBs under extreme environmental conditions and further protects core lipids as energy reserves. As naturally pre-emulsified oil-in-water emulsions, OBs have been gradually applied to replace synthetically engineered oil droplets. In this paper, the recent research on the composition, extraction, stability, delivery system, digestion, food applications and future perspectives of plant OBs are reviewed. Recent studies have focused on the OBs surface protein identification and function, large-scale extraction techniques such as enzyme assisted, high pressure, ultrasound, and extrusion and the reconstituted OBs. Electrostatic deposition of polysaccharides significantly improves the stability of OBs emulsions. OBs emulsions have promising applications to encapsulate bioactive compounds, deliver targeted drugs, and prepare gels and edible functional films. The digestive behavior of OBs emulsions is similar to that of protein-stabilized emulsions, which can increase the satiety, effectively help reduce calorie intake and improve the bioavailability of functional factors. It has also promoted the development of simulated dairy, spices and meat products.

Al2O3-TiO2-PMMA Bio-Composite Coating Via Electrostatic Spray Technique

This work aims preparation of polymer-based biocomposite coating by electrostatic spray method onto 316L stainless steel substrate, the present work will compare the effects of incorporation of Al2O3 and TiO2 particles at a different percentage of (10,15 and 20 % wt. from Al2O3 and TiO2 with (90,85 and 80% wt. PMMA - based electrostatic deposition coating is studied. The structure and chemical composition of composite coatings were studied by using (SEM) & (EDS) and mechanical properties (Microhardness and adhesion strength) of Al2O3-TiO2-PMMA composite coating. The SEM&EDX result showed that the composite coating to be dense with uniform dispersants and continuous with a well homogenous mixture within coating exhibits a much-increased Microhardness and remarkably improved adhesion strength.

The Effect of Electrochemical Composite Coatings with LaF3-LaB6 Particles in Nickel–Copper Matrix on the Metallurgical Processes in Arc Welding of Low Alloy Ferrite-Pearlite Steels

Development of welding consumables with fluorides and borides of rare earth metals is a promising area for improving the weldability of low alloy steels. As lanthanum fluoride and boride dissociate, lanthanum and boron dissolve in the weld pool and the welding arc plasma is saturated with fluorine. As a result of FeO, MnO, SiO2 deoxidation and FeS, MnS desulfurization, refractory lanthanum sulfides and oxides La2O3, La2S3 are formed in the weld pool, which can be the crystallization nuclei in the weld pool and the origin of acicular ferrite nucleation. The paper proposes a model of metallurgical processes in the arc and weld pool, as well as a model of electrochemical adsorption of Ni2+ cations in colloidal electrolytes during electrostatic deposition of nano-dispersed insoluble particles of LaF3 or LaB6 on the surface of wire. The paper discusses the constructional design of the welding wire and the technology for forming electrochemical composite coatings with copper and nickel matrix. The composite wires applied in the welding of low alloy steels make it possible to refine the microstructure, increase the tensile strength by 4% and the impact toughness of welds by 20%.