Biopesticide for overcoming caterpillar pests on cabbage plant (Brassica oleracea L)

Bukit Rumah Sendi Farmer Group is one of the farmer groups in Ujung Sampun Village, which consists of 22 family heads. Ujung Sampun Village is one of the villages in Dolat Rayat subdistrict, Karo District in Provinsi Sumatera Utara. This partner distance is about 70 km from Universitas Sumatera Utara. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) is a commodity planted by this farmer group. Plutella xylostella caterpillars available in cabbage are very much needed from the harvest so they need to be eradicated. Garlic is a crop interrupted by farmers is one of the local commodities besides cabbage. Garlic (Allium sativum) which releases biopesticides can kill caterpillars on cabbage. This activity is to provide innovations about the appropriate technology of biopesticides from raw materials of garlic to eradicate caterpillars as pests of partner cabbage plant diseases. The activities that have been carried out are preparation of garlic as a raw material for biopestides, applying biopesticides to selected community cabbage land every day at 9 am for 30 days. The results show that biopesticides are very effective in killing caterpillar pests with a mortality rate of 95%.

DIAMONDBACK MOTH OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE ON CABBAGE

The present study about the oviposition preference of the diamondback moth, <em>Plutella xylostella</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), can contribute to the determination of the location and time of release of parasitoids and predators or application of insecticides or bio-insecticides in the cabbage culture, <em>Brassica oleracea</em> Capitata group (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brassicales: Brassicaceae). Thus, aimed to this study was to determine the oviposition pattern of diamondback moth on three leaves locations and age of cabbage plants. The locations of the evaluated leaves were external, intermediate and internal. The evaluated plant ages were 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting. The eggs deposition behavior by diamondback moth was influenced by the development stage of the cabbage plant <em>F</em>_{6, 96} = 438.21; <em>p</em> = 0.05). The oviposition preference on the external leaves occurred on plants with 20 days old, on the intermediate leaves at 40 days and on the internal leaves at 60 and 80 days. The age with greater oviposition was at 40 days on the external and intermediate leaves; and at 60 days on the internal leaves. Therefore, the behavior of egg deposition of the diamondback moth was altered as the cabbage plant development.

DISTANCE AND DOSAGE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER INFLUENCE RESULTS OF EGG CABBAGE PLANT (BRASSICA OLERACEAE VAR. CAPITATA L)

The low yield of cabbage is often associated with the low content of soil organic matter. The inappropriate planting distance also contributes to the low yield of the cabbage plant. The provision of organic fertilizer with the right dosage and setting the right spacing is also expected to increase soil fertility and ultimately increase results of cabbage plants. This research was conducted in the field from April to July 2018 in Subak Gede Bungan Kapal, Tunjuk Village, Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency. Treatment was arranged in a factorial manner in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). Two treatments studied in this study were plant spacing (30 cm x 40 cm; 30 cm x 40 cm; 30 x 50 cm) and organic fertilizer (Petroganic) (0 t ha-1; 1 t ha-1; 2 t ha -1; 3 t ha-1). The treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of spacing and the use of doses of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on all observed parameters. The treatment of spacing has a significant effect on the diameter of the commercial crop -1, the weight of fresh stover ha-1, and has a very significant effect on the weight of crop ha-1, and the weight of commercial crop ha-1. The highest weight of commercial k-ha ha-1 was obtained at a plant spacing of 30 x 50 cm (J3) of 525.86 kg, significantly increasing by 74.80% compared to a spacing of 30 x 30 cm (J1) which was 299.12 kg. The treatment of organic fertilizer dosage has a very significant effect on the weight of crop ha-1, weight of commercial crop ha-1, commercial crop diameter-1 but has no significant effect on the fresh weight of stover ha-1. The highest weight of commercial ha-1krop obtained at the dose of organic fertilizer 2 t ha-1 of 444.23 kg (P2) increased by 58.30% compared to the dose of 0 t ha-1 (P0) of 280.62 kg

Parasitoid larva-pupa Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) pada Pluttella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) di pertanaman kubis kecamatan batu dan poncokusumo, kabupaten malang

The surveys of larval parasitiod Plutella xylostella, which have been done in cabbage plantations area in Batu and Poncokusumo, Malang east Java, found other larval parasitoid biside the commonly larval parasitiod Diagdema semiclausum. The parasitoid was Teratichus howardi (Hyminoptera: Eulophidae). The percentage of parasitism was dependent of the altitude of cabbage plantation and developmental stage of crop. The percent of parasitism could reach 82% when parasitized larvae sampled in cabbage plant and the crop stage. Parasitism was also higher at the medium lowland rather than it was that the upland. T. howardi is a gregrarious larval-pupa endoparasitoid. The life cycle of T. howardi was 14-16 days. The longevity of male and female was influenced by the availability of hosts or the change of mating. The longevity of mated female which was offered some host is 14-21 days, but the longevity of mated female without hosts was 38-56 days. The mated male parasitoid lived from 1 to 4 days, but they lived 12-16 days when they were not mated. One female could lay some cluster of egg varied from 35-60 eggs cluster or from 142 to 235 eggs during the lifespan. One eggs cluster consist of ±4 eggs. The parasitoid laid one or two clusters of egg per host. Parasitoid laid eggs soon after mating at day one from eclosion until day 19th. Four to 28 Parasitoids could emerge from one host. One parasitoid was able to parasitize 17-30 larvae of P. xylostella.

Efektivitas Cendawan Isolat Lokal Metarhizium sp. terhadap Hama Plutella xylostella Linn. pada Tanaman Kubis di Kota Tomohon (The effects of Local Isolates of the Fungus Metarhizium sp. against Pests Plutella xylostella Linn. in Cabbage Plant in Tomohon City)

Abstrak Kubis merupakan salah satu sayuran yang berperan penting bagi kesehatan manusia, karena banyak mengandung mineral dan vitamin. Saat ini tuntutan masyarakat akan produk tanaman sayur yang berkualitas, ekonomis serta aman dikonsumsi semakin tinggi. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Desa Rurukan, Kota Tomohon ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan mortalitas larva Plutella xylostella yang disemprot dengan suspensi cendawan Metarhizium sp. isolat lokal dengan insektisida kimia yang umumnya digunakan oleh petani kubis di Kota Tomohon. Penelitian dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cendawan Metarhizium sp. isolate lokal dapat menyebabkan mortalitas larva P. xylostella sebesar 68,35%, sedangkan mortalitas pada aplikasi insektisida kimia ialah 82,35% dan pada kontrol ialah 41,30%.Kata kunci: efektifitas, Metarhizium sp., kubis, Plutella xylostella Abstract Cabbage is one of the important vegetables for human health, because it contains many minerals and vitamins. The demand of qualified, economical and secured vegetables increases at the moment. The objective of this study was to compare the application effect of the suspension of local isolate Metarhizium sp. and the application of chemical insecticides that were commonly used by cabbage farmers in Tomohon city on the mortality of larvae P. xylostella. The Completely Randomized Design experiment consisted of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The application of Metarhizium sp. resulted in the mortality of larvae P. xylostella, i.e. 68.35%, whereas the application of chemical insecticides resulted in the mortality of 82.35% and the mortality in control condition was 41.30%.Keywords: cabbage, effect of Metarhizium sp., Plutella xylostella