Disease intensity of moler and yield losses of Shallot cv. Bima caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae in Brebes Central Java

Brebes Central Java is one of the central production of shallot in Indonesia. In the latest years, shallot farmers in Brebes face a new problem in their production, that is the increasing attack of Fusarium oxyspsorum f.sp. cepae (FOCe) which causes Moler disease (MD). Based on a previous survey of respondents, the most common variety planted by the farmer in Brebes was cv Bima that had disease intensity up to 60% with yield losses over 40%. The field data related to disease intensity and yield losses caused by the pathogen are still very limited. This paper reports the occurrence of disease intensity of MD and its correlation to yield losses based on the primary data that was collected through a direct assessment on the field of shallot plantings in Brebes. The results show that the disease intensity of MD varies from 0 to 75% which significantly affects yield losses. Yield losses of same shallot plantings are over 50%.

Primitive Reflexes and Dementia in Adults With Down Syndrome

ABSTRACTObjective:To determine whether primitive reflexes serve as an indicator of dementia in adults with Down syndrome (DS), we collected neurologic examination data, cognitive and behavioral assessments, and clinical consensus diagnoses of dementia from 92 adults with DS.Methods:In a cross-sectional, observational study of a regional cohort, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests examined individual reflexes across diagnostic group (No, Possible, or Probable Dementia). In 64 participants with all 8 reflexes assessed, the number of primitive reflexes was assessed as a predictor of diagnosis using age-controlled multinomial logistic regression and of performance on clinical assessments (Brief Praxis Test [BPT], Severe Impairment Battery [SIB], and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities [DLD] using age-adjusted linear regression.Results:Primitive palmomental, grasp, snout, and suck reflexes were more frequent in individuals with probable dementia, but all participants showed at least one primitive reflex. Multiple primitive reflexes in combination served as a better indicator of dementia, with each additional abnormal reflex tripling probability of Probable Dementia group membership controlling for age. Abnormal reflex count was not associated with direct assessment of cognition and praxis (SIB and BPT) but associated with informant ratings of cognitive and behavioral functioning (DLD).Conclusions:The presence of multiple reflexes serves as an indicator of dementia status in DS as a supplement to direct assessment of cognition and praxis. The reflex examination may serve as a tool in the multimethod evaluation for dementia in DS, as it appears unaffected by intellectual disability and language mastery.

New Chest Drainage Unit with Integrated CO2-Detector Demonstrates False Air Leak

Background Postoperative observed air leakage does not always originate from parenchymal defects but may arise from defects in the chest drainage unit, connections or reverse airflow in water seals. We investigated such false air leakage using a new chest drainage unit with a built-in CO2-detector and an electronic chest drainage unit. Methods Two types of chest drainage units were tested in a simple porcine model: A well-known electronic chest drainage unit and a new chest drainage unit with integrated CO2-detector. We created a setup of true air leakage—a parenchymal lesion, and false air leakage—allowing air to flow into the thoracic cavity alongside the chest drain. Results We demonstrated that the new chest drainage unit with a built-in CO2-detector can distinguish between experimentally induced true air leakage and false air leakage. Conclusion Available chest drainage systems do not allow direct assessment of true or false air leakage, which may increase chest drain duration unnecessarily. The integration of a CO2-sensitive color indicator into a chest drainage unit allows simple distinction between false air leak and true air leak, which may improve postoperative management.

Utilization of High Resolution Integrated Indirect Inspection Survey Technologies as Part of the Direct Assessment Methodology of Ageing Non-Cathodically Protected Pipeline Network

There is an old adage “if it is not broken, do not fix it” and this could be applicable for our day-to-day menial activities, but could prove fatally disastrous if followed by any pipeline owners globally. Although, pipelines are statistically the safest means of transporting hydrocarbon — the consequence to an event could be exponential, even if the probability of the event to occur is low. The magnitude of consequence only goes higher with the ever-burgeoning population. To this effect, Oil India Limited (OIL) owns an intensive network of spider-webbed carbon steel pipelines in Upper Assam, India geographical area with varying vintage. Understanding the associated risks of operating such critical pipeline systems, it was decided for the pipelines to undergo code-compliant integrity assessment. It is well known that non-CP protected pipelines are electrically continuous conductors without any insulation (isolation) joints to separate the above-ground station piping to the cross-country underground pipeline sections. With respect to this, OIL deployed a state-of-the-art integrated indirect inspection survey tool to assist in conducting Direct Assessment based integrity assessment. This paper provides an insight into such a scenario where the operator proactively employed the use of advanced high-resolution integrated survey technology to their non-cathodically protected, but coated pipeline assets. Due to the age and design of these “temporary” pipeline systems, there were no prior readily available records in terms of construction, drawings, maps, alignment sheets, operational or historical maintenance data for these pipelines. The advanced Integrated survey played a vital role in decluttering these extensively jumbled network of non-CP pipelines. Firstly, by actually locating the pipeline based on sub meter accuracy and secondly performing simultaneous above ground survey for coating assessment and susceptibility for corrosion. The adaptability of integrated survey as per given situation helped overcome the difficult pipeline route conditions and customize the assessment for these highly challenging pipelines and make ECDA feasible as per NACE SP0502 Standard Practice for this very complex spider web network of pipelines.

Complete Integrity Assessment of a Non-Piggable Multi-Diameter Cross Country Pipeline in a Network Shared by Multiple Electrically Continuous Parallel Pipelines

A complete Pipeline Integrity Management System is the need of the hour. Apart from keeping in mind the enormous environment concerns in this rapidly dwindling era of hydrocarbons, a successful pipeline owner always strives to profitably operate their precious assets. To operate a pipeline efficiently, a plan is required to maintain its health and increase the remaining life. Various types of pipelines pose various problems which the owner needs to resolve systematically and with a well-ordered approach. A similar challenge was faced by a refinery in India. The refinery has a design capacity to process 15 MMTPA of crude per annum. The imports and exports are carried out through the local Port Trust which is one of the deepest inner harbour on the west coast. Multiple pipelines run to and from the refinery and the port trust (approximate distance — 10 km). The subject pipeline in question currently transports Mixed Xylene (MX) from refinery to port. The pipeline has a diversified operating history with various other products being transferred in the past. However, the pipeline is used very scarcely. The problem posed by the subject pipeline was similar to what many other cross-country pipelines face — the pipeline was not piggable. Five (5) other parallel pipelines share the same right-of-way, all of which are piggable and have their integrity assessment performed via Intelligent Pigging on a planned basis. There was also a concern about collecting the most accurate data since the pipeline had not undergone an integrity assessment since its commissioning in 2001. However, it was yearly pressure tested to ensure integrity of the pipeline. Parallel pipelines pose a bigger challenge for obtaining accurate data for a particular pipeline amongst them. Keeping all this in mind, a complete integrity management was planned for the MX pipeline and thus concluded on performing a turnkey Direct Assessment (DA) program. The DA program included Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) to assess and manage the threats of internal corrosion, External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) for external corrosion threats and Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment (SCCDA) for determining susceptibility towards the threat of stress corrosion cracking on the pipeline. Utilization of latest technologies helped in adapting and overcoming the multiple problems faced by legacy technologies especially in difficult ROW conditions and complex pipeline networks, such as the MX pipeline. This paper provides an insight into how an operator can combine latest available technologies and deploy it in unison with the complete integrity management plan.

A-38 Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in a Cohort of School-Aged Children & Adolescents Receiving Integrated Care Via a Pediatric Critical Care & Neurotrauma Recovery Program

Objective We aimed to identify critical issues related to Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) through an integrated model of care whereby children and families participate in follow-up clinics with a neuropsychologist and a critical care physician. To demonstrate the impact of direct assessment, we present pilot program findings on early identification and treatment of PICS in a cohort of school-aged children and adolescents through a combination of multi-professional direct assessment and parent proxy questionnaires. Method 64 children and adolescents ages 8–17 years participated in the current study. PICS issues related to physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health were screened 1–3 months after discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The primary outcome was nine performance-based neurocognitive measures combined through principal components analysis to create a neurocognitive index (NCI). Pearson correlation (r) was used to determine the NCI association with other PICS measures at the p < 0.05 significance level. Results The NCI accounted for 52% of the overall variance. Better NCI performance was significantly associated with improved quality of life (r = 0.4). Poorer neurocognitive functioning was significantly associated with the presence of intracranial lesions on imaging (r = −0.28), a neurodevelopmental (r = −0.3) or neurocognitive (r = −0.29) disorder clinician diagnosis, and parent-reported sleep disturbances (r = −0.5), fatigue (r = −0.46), and global executive functioning (r = −0.42). Conclusions Performance-based measures of neurocognitive functioning were associated with core PICS features including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning. Direct assessment of neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning in the initial healing phase following PICU admission is needed to provide patients and their families with expedited and comprehensive guidance for recovery.