The material and technical condition of the outpatient polyclinic in Russian Federation: analysis of the current situation

The article analyzes the main indicators of the technical condition of buildings of outpatient medical organizations (units) in the Russian Federation for the period 2012–2019. The number of outpatient medical organizations (units) in emergency condition and requiring demolition tended to decrease from 215 units to 96 for the period from 2012 to 2017 in the Russian Federation. The number of units requiring reconstruction in the Russian Federation declined from 511 to 179 for 2012–2019. The number of units requiring major overhaul in the Russian Federation went down from 4,347 to 2,378 for the period from 2012 to 2018, and in 2019 rose sharply to 4,113. The number of units located in adapted premises increased from 6,723 to 8,126 for 2014–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units located in the rented area in the Russian Federation decreased from 1,443 to 1,414 for 2014–2019. The number of units with central water supply went up from 17559 to 19440 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with hot water supply in the Russian Federation increased from 13,012 to 15,124 for 2012–2019. The number of units with central heating rose from 16,893 to 17,546 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with a central sewer went up from 17,111 to 18,969 in the Russian Federation for 2012–2019. The number of units with telephone communication increased from 17,806 to 19,266 for 2012–2019 in the Russian Federation. The number of units with autonomous power supply rose from 941 to 1,227 in the Russian Federation for 2012–2019. The total number of outpatient medical organizations (units) in the study period increased by 7.9 %. The number of buildings requiring renovation and modernization between 2012 and 2018 tended to decrease. Not all indicators have a positive trend. Health care modernization is not completely structural.

EVALUATION OF COMBINED PRODUCTION OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY ON THE COGENERATION UNIT

The purpose of currently contribution is to analyse and compare effectivity of cogeneration unit in each summer and winter season. The main idea of combined heat and energy production is to reduce usage of primary fuels and with that connected reduction of pollutions due to the integration of renewable energy sources and with regard to the natural environment. Presented contribution is dedicated on issue on the operation of a cogeneration unit integrated in central heating system.

Investigation of the width of the entry of an excavator when loading a mobile crushing plant in the conditions of the Angren coal mine of Uzbekistan

This article presents the results of studies to establish the optimal entry width for an excavator working in conjunction with mobile crushing plants in the development of overburden of the Angren open pit. According to the results of the research, an analytical relationship was established to determine the maximum productivity of the mining system “excavator-mobile crushing-reloading-conveyor complex” with cyclical-flow technology. A structural diagram has been developed that allows you to select the type and determine the main technological parameters of the equipment with the selected criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the complexes. It has been established that the choice of equipment for conveyor lines should be carried out taking into account the mutual influence of adjacent technological links of the central heating systems, including the influence of the excavator-crushing and crushing-conveyor complexes on the efficiency of their mutual functioning within the framework of the adopted system as a whole. A functional graphical dependence of the excavator performance on the face width was obtained, taking into account the relationship of all technological parameters of the face. It has been established that the maximum excavator productivity of 1478.1 m3/hr is achieved with an excavator entry width of 17.4 m for the conditions of the Angren open pit. The resulting schedule makes it possible to assess the possibility of increasing the operational performance of single-bucket shovel excavators under various conditions of work, as well as to continue the optimization of excavation.

Solar-thermal production of graphitic carbon and hydrogen via methane decomposition

This work reports a process in which concentrated irradiation from a simulated solar source converts methane to high-value graphitic carbon and hydrogen gas. Methane flows within a photo-thermal reactor through the pores of a thin substrate irradiated by several thousand suns at the focal peak. The methane decomposes primarily into hydrogen while depositing highly graphitic carbon that grows conformally over ligaments in the porous substrate. The localized solar heating of the porous substrate serves to capture the solid carbon into a readily extractable and useful form while maintaining active deposition site density with persistent catalytic activity. Results indicate a strong temperature dependence with high decomposition occurring in the central heating zone with concentration factors and temperatures above 1000 suns and 1300 K, respectively. Even with a large flow area through regions of lower irradiation and temperature, methane conversion and hydrogen yields of approx. 70\% are achieved, and 58\% of the inlet carbon is captured in graphitic form.

Solar-thermal production of graphitic carbon and hydrogen via methane decomposition

This work reports a process in which concentrated irradiation from a simulated solar source converts methane to high-value graphitic carbon and hydrogen gas. Methane flows within a photo-thermal reactor through the pores of a thin substrate irradiated by several thousand suns at the focal peak. The methane decomposes primarily into hydrogen while depositing highly graphitic carbon that grows conformally over ligaments in the porous substrate. The localized solar heating of the porous substrate serves to capture the solid carbon into a readily extractable and useful form while maintaining active deposition site density with persistent catalytic activity. Results indicate a strong temperature dependence with high decomposition occurring in the central heating zone with concentration factors and temperatures above 1000 suns and 1300 K, respectively. Even with a large flow area through regions of lower irradiation and temperature, methane conversion and hydrogen yields of approx. 70\% are achieved, and 58\% of the inlet carbon is captured in graphitic form.

Circadian winter thermal profiles and thermal comfort in historical housing — field study

In winter thermally inefficient building envelopes of pre-retrofit historical housing allow for ca. sevenfold higher heat loss from heated apartments than the new built housing in Poland. As a result space heating in pre-retrofit tenements is regarded to be highly energy demanding and costly if the internal temperatures were to be kept on average at standard 20 °C assumed in building regulations. In this field study, carried out in January-March 2020, we investigated circadian thermal profiles and the associated thermal comfort in historical tenements both pre-and post-retrofit. The 16 apartments participating in our research were equipped with heating systems prevalent in Polish urban historical buildings, i.e. solid fuel stoves, electric heating, district-supplied central heating, or individual gas boilers. The former systems provided intermittent local heating while the latter central heating with thermostats. Our research comprised spot check multi-parameter measurements and continuous monitoring of the thermal environment, together with a longitudinal thermal comfort questionnaire survey (N=.2539), energy consumption analysis and semi-structured interviews with the residents. The differences detected in average (12.6°C) and range (up to 5.0°C) of diurnal temperatures did not explain the thermal comfort survey results on individual thermal sensations and preferences. What proved more important for the residents was the time of day when the maximum or minimum temperatures occurred and their perceived control over temperature and the cost associated with heating. Accordingly, we identified a need for further studies investigating the link between domestic thermal comfort and satisfaction with the usability of the heating system and control over the cost of heating.