PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD), DAN DANA ALOKASI UMUM (DAU) TERHADAP FISCAL STRESS DI PROVINSI JAMBI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) terhadap tekanan keuangan (fiscal stress) pada Kabupaten dan Kota di Provinsi Jambi Periode 2015-2018. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu 9 Kabupaten dan 2 Kota di Provinsi Jambi periode 2015-2018 yang berjumlah 44 indikator. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan kuantitatif dan data dalam penelitian menggunakan data skunder sehingga alat analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hipotesis pada penelitan ini adalah Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) berpengaruh terhadap fiscal stress, Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) berpengraruh terhadap fiscal stress dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) serta Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) secara bersama sama berpengaruh terhadap fiscal stress. Namun hasil penelitian menunjukkan PAD dan DAU tidak berpengaruh baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap fiscal stress. Kata Kunci: Penadapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Tekanan Keuangan (Fiscal Stress), Kinerja Keuangan, dan Otonomi Daerah

The Impact of Digital and Green Innovation Strategy on Citizen Trust Towards Sustainable Financial Performance of Local Government

The unit of analysis in this study is local government data from Indonesia. The goal of this research is to identify the impact of fiscal stress and citizen trust on digital and green innovation strategies. This study also seeks to as certain the impact of digital and green innovation strategies on the impact of fiscal stress and citizen trust on sustainable financial performance. This research uses a descriptive verification method in conjunction with a quantitative approach. Path analysis is an analytical method used in the processing of statistical data. The research samples in this study are 148 Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) from East Java Province. The tests showed that fiscal pressure and citizen trust have a significant impact on digital and green innovation strategies. The test results also show that fiscal stress and digital and green innovation strategies have a significant effect on sustainable financial performance, whereas citizen trust has no significant effect on sustainable financial performance. Simultaneously, digital and green innovation strategy are critical for mitigating the impact of fiscal stress and increasing citizens' trust sustainable financial performance.

INFLUENCE OF FISCAL STRESS AND LEGISLATURE SIZE ON EXPENDITURE CHANGE

The study aims to examine and analyze the effect of fiscal stress and legislative size on expenditure change in the district or city of West Java Province. The research method used is descriptive method and verification method. Data collection techniques are carried out through secondary data obtained from Supreme Audit Istitution (BPK). The population of this study is all regencies and cities in West Java Province in the 2016-2018 fiscal year. The number of regencies and cities in West Java Province in the 2016-2018 fiscal year was 27. This research sample selection method uses Non Probability Sampling using saturated sampling with a total of 81 districts and cities. The results showed that fiscal stress negatively affected expenditure change, while the influence of the legislature size had a positive effect on expenditure change.

How Does Low-Density Urbanization Reduce the Financial Sustainability of Chinese Cities? A Debt Perspective

Low-density urbanization threatens urban social and ecological sustainability not only directly by excessively encroaching on suburban farmland and ecological space, but may also indirectly do so by undermining the financial basis of sustainable urban development. To address this relationship, this study empirically examines the effect of low-density urbanization on local government debt by using panel data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2015. Results show that the scale of local government debt increases significantly with a rise in urban expansion. Furthermore, this study found that low-density urbanization affects local government debt in two ways. First, low-density urban expansion reduces the land output efficiency, which decreases potential fiscal revenue and thus increases local government debt. Second, low-density urban expansion raises the construction and maintenance expenditure of urban infrastructure, which increases the demand for urban construction financing and thus pushes up the scale of debt. The results of the heterogeneous study indicate that low-density urbanization significantly affects local government debt mainly in Central/Western regions, small and medium-sized cities, cities with high fiscal stress and development pressure, and residentially expanding cities. On the contrary, low-density urbanization has no significant effect on the Eastern regions, large cities, cities with low fiscal stress and development pressure, and spatially expanding cities. This study theoretically explored and empirically verified a critical indirect effect of low-density urbanization on urban sustainability by increasing fiscal risks, which is, and will continue to be, a common and vital challenge faced by cities in China and other rapidly urbanizing developing countries.

Patterns in the Pandemic Decline of Public School Enrollment

Early evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic sharply reduced public school enrollment in many states. However, little is known about the underlying patterns of these declines. Using new district-level data from Massachusetts, we find that these declines were concentrated in traditional districts while charter, virtual, and vocational districts increased their enrollment. Though the enrollment declines in traditional districts were widespread, we also find that the percent declines were significantly larger in smaller districts and those serving higher concentrations of White and economically disadvantaged students. The implications for understanding the pandemic’s effects on learning opportunities and the anticipated fiscal stress on public schools are discussed.

Economic Crisis and Public Administration

The last global financial and economic crisis started in 2007–2008; it had serious effects on public sectors of OECD countries and was still affecting some of them when the COVID-19 pandemic began. Different streams of literature contribute to understanding the public management and governance challenges emerging from economic crises: the public administration literature on cutback management of the late 1970s and 1980s, the contemporary literature on managing austerity, and the more generic management literature on organizational decline. Although public administrations are reacting to the same global crisis, they are expected to adopt a variety of approaches when designing policy and managerial responses, including strategic approaches, across-the-board approaches (cheese-slicing or piecemeal incremental shifts), or rhetoric and inertia, avoiding real change and manipulating discursive frames. A strategic approach is based on systematic, selective, or targeted measures, and it includes different reactions to the crisis, such as a directive, hollow, or communitarian approach. In light of the different approaches available to public administrations for addressing an economic crisis, attention turns to the factors that determine such a choice. Public administrations’ responses to austerity are shaped by external and internal determinants. The external drivers make the crisis faced by each public administration longer or more severe and shape the way public managers react. External forces include economic and social features of the environment in which the public administration operates as well as national austerity policies. According to the literature, the harsher the fiscal stress, the more likely it is that targeted cuts will be adopted, instead of an across-the-board approach that doesn’t take into account the different levels of efficiency of public administrations or the strategic priority of different policy areas. Internal forces influencing crisis management approaches are financial and fiscal dimensions, such as financial autonomy (reliance on central government for revenue), spending autonomy and flexibility, degree of fiscal stress, and financial vulnerability. All these forces influence a proactive response to the crisis. Another key factor is leadership: the literature is excessively focused on incentives faced by political leaders, and few studies examine the role of administrative leadership. Finally, the crisis management approach matters in terms of impact; the literature developed after the 1970s and 2007–2008 global economic crises all agrees on this. Such a link, however, is difficult to assess. Strategic and longer-term approaches seem to favor the strengthening of trust, resilience, and avoidance of electoral costs, whereas shorter-term changes lower employee morale, create recruitment and retention problems, cause loss of managerial expertise, cause distraction from the core purpose of the service, and increase costs.