Materials research and development needs to enable efficient and electrified buildings

Because of the complexity of modern buildings—with many interconnected materials, components, and systems—fully electrifying buildings will require targeted R&D and efficient coordination across those material, component, and system levels. Because buildings that consume the smallest amount of energy are easier to electrify, energy efficiency is a crucial step toward fully electrified buildings. Materials advances will play an important role in both reducing the energy intensity of buildings and electrifying their remaining energy use. Materials are currently being explored, discovered, synthesized, evaluated, optimized, and implemented across many building components, including solid-state lighting; dynamic windows and opaque envelopes; cold climate heat pumps; thermal energy storage; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC); refrigeration; non-vapor compression HVAC; and more. In this article, we review the current state-of-the-art of materials for various buildings end uses and discuss R&D challenges and opportunities for both efficiency and electrification. Graphical abstract

Effect of Zeolite on the Compressive Strength of Concrete with Different Types of Cement

Concrete is a material component in coastal area construction. With the increasing demand for concrete for construction purposes, there have been various innovations in concrete mixtures to improve the quality of the concrete, including the compressive strength value of concrete. In the concrete mixture, the researchers also add additive to the concrete mixture, one alternative is natural zeolite which is widely found in the earth. Research by testing concrete samples with variations of the zeolite mixture 0%, 15%, and 25% uses cement type V. The test results are then compared with the results of other studies using different types of cement. Comparative studies of zeolite concrete test with different types of cement show that the optimum proportion of zeolite is around 10% to 20% of the weight of cement to get the best compressive strength value.

Development of Practical Arabic Syntax Based Teaching Materials mE-Book with Blended Learning Model

The development of practical Arabic syntax based on mE-Book teaching materials is based on the presence of printed teaching materials that are less effectively applied in online learning. This development aimed to develop practical Arabic syntax teaching materials based on mE-Book for more effective learning without limited space and time. This research used a qualitative and quantitative approach (mixed method). This research was research and development with the ADDIE design model. This research was carried out through 5 stages namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The implementation phase was carried out using a blended learning model. The results of the research were: 1) the resulting teaching material format is HTML (based flash) published using kvisoft flipbook maker pro 4.2.2.0 software. 2) the teaching material component consists of an outer cover, an inside cover, a sample material, a task/question, i'rab, qawaid, a bibliography, and a back cover. 3) the resulting learning video was in the form of a webcam with the help of PowerPoint software and an O-Matic screencast. Assessments from material experts was 82% (eligible), from language expert was 100% (very decent), from media expert was 96% (very decent), from students' interest test was 90% (very feasible), from educator response test 84% (very feasible). The effectiveness test of the large group obtained an average posttest score of 85 pre-test average score of 75. The overall results show that mE-Book practical Arabic syntax is very feasible for use in SMA Surya Buana Malang.

Mixed magnesian binders using local silicate waste production

Today, the waste of the mining industry is more than 8 billion tons. Analysis of the literature data showed that most of the man-made waste that is generated as a result of the development of mineral deposits is suitable for use in many industries, in particular, in the production of building materials. The use of technogenic raw materials allows us to solve the following tasks: Environmental aspect - reducing the number of dumps and reducing their volumes. And this, in turn, improves the ecology of regions and territories. 2. Economic aspect - reducing the cost of construction products through the use of almost free raw materials, the release of more competitive products. Of course, it is necessary to provide that part of the costs will be spent on additional processing, revision, activation, modification of this technogenic raw material component. But today we have to think about how to clear the territory of substandard “waste rock” and use it to reduce the production and consumption of natural raw materials. A similar process can create waste-free production.

Pemutakhiran Pengembangan Produk Menggunakan Kerangka kerja “Integrated Conceptual Selection (ICS)”

In today’s overwhelming competition, the knowledge on product development represents a very significant aspect for companies to survive in the market. Among these sectors is the automotive industry, where it is one of the fastest growing, highly demanding and stiff competition marketplaces. Intensive research in this field is targeted to produce light weight and high-performance components which can increase fuel efficiency and sustainability of an automobile. One of the recent avenues is the investigation of increased performance engineered materials to replace the conventional materials. In this study product development of engineered material - component is explored. To achieve a sound product development, new integrated product development framework which utilized simultaneous approach is developed. The framework is referred to as Integrated Conceptual Selection (ICS) which streamlines the phases in the product development process, including product investigation, product specification and conceptual design.

Concepts and how they get that way

Drawing on the material culture of the Ancient Near East as interpreted through Material Engagement Theory, the journey of how material number becomes a conceptual number is traced to address questions of how a particular material form might generate a concept and how concepts might ultimately encompass multiple material forms so that they include but are irreducible to all of them together. Material forms incorporated into the cognitive system affect the content and structure of concepts through their agency and affordances, the capabilities and constraints they provide as the material component of the extended, enactive mind. Material forms give concepts the tangibility that enables them to be literally grasped and manipulated. As they are distributed over multiple material forms, concepts effectively become independent of any of them, yielding the abstract irreducibility that makes a concept like number what it is. Finally, social aspects of material use—collaboration, ordinariness, and time—have important effects on the generation and distribution of concepts.

Comparative of blanket reactor design in assuring of tritium self-sufficiency

The comparison of four blanket modules in DEMO made up the optimization material having a reasonable requirement as blanket material in this study. Either neutron flux distribution in blanket material or material endurance under neutron irradiation, from four modules, the WCLL has a high tolerance neutron distribution and the best neutron irradiation endurance. Furthermore, many suggestions closed to the statement to use the benefits of water coolant and lithium lead (compose Li-6) as a material component in the blanket.

STRUCTURAL-PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN FILMS AT THE INTERFACE OF THE HETEROSYSTEM “GLASS - CLUSTERS Ag-Pd” – Sn-Pb

Structural-phase transformations in films at the interface of the heterosystem "glass - Ag-Pd clusters" – Sn-Pb have been investigated. The relationship between these transformations and the initial system material component dispersion is established at the same film element temperature operating mode. It is shown that structural-phase transformations in contact elements of hybrid integrated circuits microelectronic devices, sensors and solar cells, etc. made of functional materials based on the specified heterosystem can lead to degradation processes and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the electronic product reliability.

Research on Behavior Incentives of Prefabricated Building Component Manufacturers

Based on the positive externalities of prefabricated buildings, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model between the government and material component vendors and analyzes the changes in the behavior of the government and component vendors in different stages of the advancement of prefabricated buildings. Based on data modeling and equation prediction analysis, it can be found that the expansion of the incremental cost of construction at the initial stage inhibits the enthusiasm of the government. Thus, the government’s incentive behavior effectively affects the behavior of component vendors, and fiscal taxation and punishment policies will promote component vendors to provide prefabricated components. In the development stage, the government’s fiscal policy influence that weakens and affects component vendors’ behavior mainly comes from the incremental costs and benefits of components. Additionally, the difference between the builder’s incremental cost and the sales revenue narrowed. At this time, the behavior prediction of both parties tends to be steady. In the mature stage, prefabricated buildings will mainly rely on market forces, and the government can gradually withdraw from the market. The cost variable tends to be lower, and it can be predicted that component vendors tend to supply components, while the government tends to restrict policies.

Critical Review of Polymeric Building Envelope Materials: Degradation, Durability and Service Life Prediction

This paper provides a critical review of the degradation, durability and service life prediction (SLP) of polymeric building envelope materials (BEMs), namely, claddings, air/vapour barriers, insulations, sealants, gaskets and fenestration. The rate of material deterioration and properties determine the usefulness of a product; therefore, knowledge of the significant degradation mechanisms in play for BEMs is key to the design of proper SLP methods. SLP seeks to estimate the life expectancy of a material/component exposed to in-service conditions. This topic is especially important with respect to the potential impacts of climate change. The surrounding environment of a building dictates the degradation mechanisms in play, and as climate change progresses, material aging conditions become more unpredictable. This can result in unexpected changes and/or damages to BEMs, and shorter than expected SL. The development of more comprehensive SLP methods is economically and environmentally sound, and it will provide more confidence, comfort and safety to all building users. The goal of this paper is to review the existing literature in order to identify the knowledge gaps and provide suggestions to address these gaps in light of the rapidly evolving climate.