A Characterization Study to Indetify Antibactrial Effect of Ruta Graveolens (Hurb of Grace)

Most of rural people even today depend on plants for medicines. The use of complentary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular worldwide, such that an estimated 38% of American adults reported using a form of CAM in 2006. The study of herbal remedies is common because many diseases and infections are known to have been treated with natural medicinal plants throughout the history of humanity. Ruta graveolens is aromatic shrub belong to family rutaceae and is commonly known as rue, cultivated as ornamental and medicinal herb in gardens. Due to its cultural and medicinal value, rue has been introduced in various countries of North, Central and South America, China, India, Middle East and South Africa. This plant also contains glucoside rutin. The flavonoids are a part of primary chemical components of Ruta graveolens Linn. The most important analyzed flavonoids are rutin (quercetin-3-β- rutinoside) that belongs to flavonol glycoside. Quercetin is other major flavonoids found in Ruta graveolens and can also be obtained by rutin hydrolysis.

Characterization of Morganella sp. for its Paraquat Degradation Potential

One of the beneficial roles of the microbial population is their ability to convert toxic herbicides to lesser toxic compounds such as water and carbon (IV) oxide. Paraquat which is an acutely toxic herbicide is used on farmlands and has been found to affect human health. This study was aimed at characterizing bacteria with the potential to degrade paraquat. Previously isolated bacteria from culture collection labelled A-F were screened for their potential to degrade and utilized paraquat as the sole carbon source in Bushnell Hass agar media. Of the six isolates, isolate E (Morganella sp.) was observed to have the highest growth and tolerance to paraquat after 72 h of incubation at 37 ºC. Characterization study revealed that Morganella sp. can utilize and grow with optimum conditions of pH 6.5, the temperature of 30 ºC and can tolerate up to 400 mg/L paraquat concentration with an increase in growth as inoculum size increases. Thus, these findings showed that Morganella sp. can degrade toxic paraquat to a less toxic form and therefore can be a good isolate for the future bioremediation process of the pollutant.

Characterization of Butachlor Degradation by A Molybdenum-Reducing and Aniline-degrading Pseudomonas sp.

Butachlor is a chloroacetanilide herbicide that is selective in action and commonly used for pre-emergence control of weeds. It is believed to have range of toxicity from acute to chronic and also can cause DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations in humans. This study was aimed at characterizing the potential of previously isolated bacteria for butachlor degradation. The isolates from culture collection, labelled A-F were screened for butachlor degradation on Bushnell Hass agar media with butachlor as a sole carbon source. Isolate A (molybdenum-reducing and aniline-degrading Pseudomonas sp.) was observed to grow best and tolerated the highest concentration of butachlor supplemented in the media after 72 h of incubation at 37 ℃. Characterization study revealed that the Pseudomonas sp. can utilize and grow with butachlor at optimum pH between 6.0 - 6.5, temperature between 30 – 37 ℃ and can tolerate up to 600 mg/L butachlor concentration with increase in growth as inoculum size increases. Additionally, this bacterial strain shows no lag phase regardless of the concentration of the herbicide used and reach its maximum growth after 24 h of incubation. The ability of this isolate to tolerate and utilize butachlor as sole carbon source makes it suitable for future bioremediation of this toxicant.

Characterization and Biological Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus SSC–12 from Silage

In this study, 22 strains of exopolysaccharides-producing lactic acid bacteria were isolated from silage, and the strain SSC–12 with the highest exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was used as the test strain. The SSC–12 was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, based upon 16S rDNA gene sequencing and Neighbor Joining (NJ) phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of the kinetic results of EPS generation of SSC–12 showed that the EPS generation reached the maximum value at 20 h of culture. The characterization study showed the EPS produced by SSC–12 was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide comprising glucose (42.6%), mannose (28.9%), galactose (16.2%), arabinose (9.4%), and rhamnose (2.9%). The EPS had good antioxidant activity, especially the activity of scavenging hydroxyl free radicals. At the same time, the EPS also had strong antibacterial ability and could completely inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The EPS produced by the Pediococcus pentosaceus SSC–12 can be used as a biologically active product with potential application prospects in the feed, food, and pharmaceutical industries.

Preparation and Evaluation of Nanophytosomes of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Momordica charantia

Though there was not enough data available throughout the phytosome research, authors tried maximum to provide all inputs for the preparation of phytosomes. The objectives of the present research work focused on the investigation of phyto chemical constituents of aqueous extract, preparation of nanophytosomes of aqueous extract. Momorica charantia plants were collected locally from the village of Muhavur. The leaves were separated from the plant and the leaves were washed with water and then again washed with chloroform to remove soil particles and the leaves were spread and dried in the shade for 4 days. The aqueous extract of Momorica charantia obtained was subjected to qualitative analysis to test the presence of various phytochemicals. Particle size of prepared nanophytosomes was analyzed by photon correlation spectroscopy using a Shimadzu particle size analyzer (SALD 2101, Japan). Diluted nanophytosomal suspension was placed into the sample dispersion unit while stirring at room temperature (in order to reduce the inter particle aggregation). All analyses has been performed in triplicate. Nanophytosomes of Momordica charantia aqueous extract was effectively prepared and tested. The aqueous extract was evaluated phyto chemical screening followed by all characterization studies. Phytochemical screening study remaining that the extract consists of flavanoids. The characterization study showed that the phytosomes are having nano size, good stability properties with round to spherical shape with smooth surfaces.

Integrated Stochastic Inversion Approach Assessing Thin Reservoirs Full Potential in the Prolific Oil-Prone Periphery of Hassi Messaoud Field, Algeria

Nowadays it become harder, risker and more expensive understanding the reservoir potentiality and design the optimum development plan for challenging thin reservoirs. In a geological complex area, integrated seismic reservoir characterization approach was crucial to unlock the potentiality for the study area, which is located at Oued Mya basin, SE Saharan platform Algeria. Seismic data analysis is one of the key procedures for characterizing reservoirs and monitoring subsurface properties. Integration of seismic stochastic inversion and geological model will help to demonstrate the link between seismic and reservoir properties more quantitative. The seismic data of region were challenging, with around 30 wells drilled over 400 Km2. To overcome the challenges, the available geological and geophysical data were integrated to construct the reservoir characterization study and reduce drilling uncertainty. Ensure the reservoir characterization process was constrained by a robust workflow and consistent with the available geophysical, geological, and petrophysical data. Petrophysical interpretation, seismic interpretation, rock physics analysis and Stochastic Inversion processes were carried out. These processes were integrated to characterize the lateral and vertical extent of the lithofacies in five stacked reservoirs across the area of interest to identify the potential delineation of thin reservoirs of nine-meter thickness.