Nanocapsules modify membrane interaction of polymyxin B to enable safe systemic therapy of Gram-negative sepsis

Systemic therapy of Gram-negative sepsis remains challenging. Polymyxin B (PMB) is well suited for sepsis therapy due to the endotoxin affinity and antibacterial activity. However, the dose-limiting toxicity has limited its systemic use in sepsis patients. For safe systemic use of PMB, we have developed a nanoparticulate system, called D-TZP, which selectively reduces the toxicity to mammalian cells but retains the therapeutic activities of PMB. D-TZP consists of an iron-complexed tannic acid nanocapsule containing a vitamin D core, coated with PMB and a chitosan derivative that controls the interaction of PMB with endotoxin, bacteria, and host cells. D-TZP attenuated the membrane toxicity associated with PMB but retained the ability of PMB to inactivate endotoxin and kill Gram-negative bacteria. Upon intravenous injection, D-TZP protected animals from pre-established endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis, showing no systemic toxicities inherent to PMB. These results support D-TZP as a safe and effective systemic intervention of sepsis.

A Brief Review on Floating Drug Delivery System

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was most convenient and widely used drug delivery for systemic intervention, oral administration. The main purpose of developing the FDDS is to enhance therapeutic benefits such as ease of dosing administration, patient compliance, and formulation versatility. In pharmaceuticals industries we are approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and classification and formulation of FDDS aspects are covered in detail. This review summarizes the tablet, Floating Drug Delivery System, Type, Mechanism, and also the Advantages & Disadvantages. This sort of medication delivery method is beneficial because it has enough buoyancy to float above gastric contents and stay buoyant in the stomach for a long time. Keywords:- FDDS, Floating Drug Delivery System, Therapeutic, Design, Buoyant, Gastric

Clinical Features of Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: A Single-center Study

Background/Aim: This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical outcomes of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL). Patients and Methods: Seventeen patients with PVRL who had been treated at Hokkaido University Hospital were enrolled in this study. They were diagnosed based on their cytology, interleukin-10/-6 ratio, and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement. Results: Diagnostic tests detected cytological malignancy among 14 cases (82.3%), high interleukin-10/-6 ratios among 16 cases (94.1%), and IgH monoclonality in 13 cases (76.5%). Systemic corticosteroids were given to seven (41.2%) patients before their diagnosis of PVRL. Treatments after diagnosis comprised intravitreal methotrexate injection, local radiation, and intravenous chemotherapy for 11, seven, and five cases, respectively. Central nervous system and systemic involvements were observed in nine and one case, respectively, and these complications occurred at 3 to 43 months (mean=16 months) after initial ocular presentation. Conclusion: Many of our patients did not receive any systemic intervention, and almost half of patients with PVRL developed central nervous system involvement during their follow-up period.

Towards a strategic innovation framework to support supply chain performance

PurposeThis paper aims to determine how a strategic innovation framework that integrates the concepts of innovation function, dynamic performance management (DPM) and system-dynamics (SD) modelling can measure performance in a supply chain (SC).Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a strategic innovation framework for an SC by considering three steps. First, a systemic intervention is presented based on the innovation functions that influence SC performance. Second, an analysis of the system's performance is proposed. Third, a model SD-based simulation is designed. The developed framework is explained by employing a case study of the Colombian pig sector SC.FindingsThe results reveal that identifying and synchronising the system's performance drivers associated with the innovation functions could improve the inventory in the SC.Practical implicationsOn the one hand, managers can use the proposed framework to evaluate the innovation investments and understand their impact on operation performance (e.g. on inventories). On the other hand, policymakers may support decision-making to improve policy design (e.g. through investment in R&D).Originality/valueFew studies discuss the impacts of innovation functions on SC performance. This paper aims to fill this theoretical gap and to contribute to the literature by suggesting a novel framework which includes innovation functions.