WORLDVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL, SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF SECURITY ISSUES IN THE ANCIENT WORLD

The security problem is relevant in any historical period, especially it has recently become extremely popular and is so widely used that it is often impossible to identify the nature and limits of applying the basic components of the concepts and categories in this context. Therefore, there is a need to specify the essence and content of the philosophical understanding of the security problem on the basis of the retrospective analysis of worldview and discursive, scientific and theoretical foundations of security issues in the Ancient World. The worldview and discursive, scientific and theoretical aspects of security issues in the Ancient World have been comprehensively studied in the article on the basis of the latest achievements of theoretical and legal science and other related scientific disciplines. Political and legal thought of the Ancient East stimulated the development of security issues in the context of general ideas about the correlation of terrestrial and extraterrestrial forces for the arrangement of the social organism, in political genesis and orthogenesis, as well as in the context of ideas about the correlation of the individual, society and state. The Ancient Eastern political and legal thought does not know the separation of public security from the state security: the issue of state, but not public or individual security is the primary scope of considerations of political and legal nature under the dominance of the Ancient Eastern despotism as the predominant form of government, which «absorbs» society and completely subordinates both public and private life to total control and supervision by the bureaucratic state apparatus. It has been concluded that the value of security as a social phenomenon is perceived and articulated first through close in content terms denoting peace, tranquility, stability, order, prosperity, justice, absence of hostilities, prosperity of society, etc. Security issues within the Ancient Eastern political and legal thought in general has come a long and very difficult way – from the first intuitions and «enlightments» to extensive considerations on the individual, society and state’s security matters. Thus, the foundations were laid for the gradual enrichment of this discourse in terms of the ancient political and legal thought, which was largely the successor of the Ancient Eastern political and legal cogitative traditions.

Polymorph evolution during crystal growth studied by 3D electron diffraction

3D electron diffraction (3DED) has been used to follow polymorph evolution in the crystallization of glycine from aqueous solution. The three polymorphs of glycine which exist under ambient conditions follow the stability order β < α < γ. The least stable β polymorph forms within the first 3 min, but this begins to yield the α-form after only 1 min more. Both structures could be determined from continuous rotation electron diffraction data collected in less than 20 s on crystals of thickness ∼100 nm. Even though the γ-form is thermodynamically the most stable polymorph, kinetics favour the α-form, which dominates after prolonged standing. In the same sample, some β and one crystallite of the γ polymorph were also observed.

Design of iso-material heterostructures of TiO2via seed mediated growth and arrested phase transitions

Stability order of iso-material TiO2 heterostructures: (1) rutile/core-anatase/shell > anatase/core–rutile/shell > Janus configuration and (2) off-centered rutile/core–anatase shell > mid-centered rutile/core-anatase shell.

New theoretical insights on tautomerism of hyperforin—a prenylated phloroglucinol derivative which may be responsible for St. John’s wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) antidepressant activity

The thermodynamic aspects of keto-enol tautomerism of hyperforin were investigated theoretically using density functional theory methods. At the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory the enol tautomer dominates the tautomeric mixture and the second enol tautomer 1OH-HB has Gibbs free energy higher by 1.2 kcal/mol, despite possessing an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The purely keto tautomer is less stable by 3.3 kcal/mol compared with the 1OH tautomer, which means that the percentage of the keto tautomer in the tautomeric mixture is only about 0.4%. This is a different picture than in the parent compound of hyperforin—the phloroglucinol, where the keto tautomer is more stable than corresponding enol 1OH tautomer by 0.6 kcal/mol. To explain this difference, several in-between model molecules reflecting gradual transformation from phloroglucinol to hyperforin were build, and all the tautomeric forms were optimized for each molecule. It turned out that the addition of an aliphatic three-carbon bridge to phloroglucinol ring is crucial for the reversal of the tautomer stability order to that for hyperforin. The probable reason is the unfavorable strain in the keto tautomer introduced by the carbon bridge, which forces a specific geometric configuration which destabilizes in consequence the keto tautomer. This picture of hyperforin tautomerism underlines the dominance of enol tautomers, which can be important when studying the antidepressant activity of hyperforin—its interactions with neurotransmitters receptors.

Reflections on the Role of Bemusement in Institutional Disruption

In this essay, I reflect on the disruptive potential of bemusement. When people are bemused, we feel confused or bewildered. We can also feel wry pleasure, especially if we are bemused by something perplexing, that confounds expectations or norms. I explore how the affective tensions of bemusement can unsettle persons’ emotional investment in institutional order. I argue that disruption arises from surfacing the absurdities that are part of what is accepted as normal, and I illustrate this with a discussion of the “Dismaland Bemusement Park.” I assert the importance of confounding stability, order, and rationality by recognizing the parallel existence of confusion, absurdity, and illogics. Practical access to these parallel dynamics arises from the art of cultural subversion. Such an art both politicizes and gives pleasure to those involved in disruption and it embraces the ensuing confusion as a critique—as a potentially insightful twist on institutional order.

Efficient removal of Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution and mixed industrial wastewater using a designed chelating ligand, 2-pyridyl-N-(2′-methylthiophenyl) methyleneimine (PMTPM)

The present study is focused on the removal of Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution using a tridentate chelating agent, 2-pyridyl-N-(2′-methylthiophenyl) methyleneimine (PMTPM); and applicability of such removal from industrial wastewater using PMTPM is also investigated. The results showed that the metal ions removal efficiency using PMTPM was in the order of Hg2+(99.46%) &gt; Cd2+(95.42%) &gt; Pb2+(94.54%) under optimum reaction conditions (L:M2+ = 3:1, pH = 9, time = 24 h, temp. = 30 °C). Formed chelated complexes such as [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2] (1), [Cd(PMTPM)Cl2] (2) and [Pb(PMTPM)Cl2] (3) were characterized by numerous spectroscopic tools and X-ray structure determination of a representative complex of Hg2+. In the X-ray structure of [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2], 1, the Hg2+ adopted a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry surrounding two N donors of PMTPM and two chloride ions. A similar coordination geometry surrounding the respective metal centres in 2 and 3 was established. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a stability order of [Cd(PMTPM)Cl2] &gt; [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2] &gt; [Pb(PMTPM)Cl2]. Further the comparative metal leaching behaviour of these chelate complexes exhibited higher stability in alkaline solution than in acidic. Moreover, PMTPM was applied in real mixed industrial wastewater with alkaline pH, and adequate removals of toxic metals were achieved.

Prototype of the Heteroaromatic Tautomers: 2-Pyridone / 2-Hydroxypyridine

In this work, we review the theoretical/experimental study progress in the classic case of a tautomeric equilibrium, 2-pyridone/2-hydroxypyridine (2-PY/2-HY), as well as original research on tautomerization reaction energetics. Our work sheds light on a matter of investigation which lasts more than a century, a challenge to the reliability of the quantum methods, especially to DFT. Our results reveal the responsible for the notable contrast between the relative stability order estimation by wavefunction (WF) and density functional (DFT) methods: The Koopmans’ theorem. Among the results by Hartree-Fock, QCISD and 127 DFT functionals, our work extends on one LC functional. The estimation of the relative stability is in excellent agreement with experiments. The analogous approach for other tautomeric compounds corroborates the reliability of our description and its potential application, e.g., on the development of the molecular switches, computer-aided drug design, and new DFT functionals. <br>

Ordem, desordem e a criatividade judicial: relações entre teoria do direito e filosofia processual

O objetivo do presente artigo almeja conceber uma noção de criatividade judicial mais ampla, não estando restrita nem aos atos nem às prerrogativas de atores jurídicos particulares. Para tanto, o artigo adota a filosofia processual como marco teórico e conceitual com o intuito de interrogar a maneira pela qual a criatividade é concebida a partir de uma concepção de realidade jurídica que privilegia a ordem, a estabilidade e a previsibilidade frente ao vir-a-ser, à mudança e à desordem. A pesquisa adota como fio condutor a inserção da criatividade na dinâmica de reorganização contínua da ordem jurídica com o intuito de dissociá-la da produção normativa restrita a determinados órgãos e atores jurídicos: categorias e teorias jurídicas não apenas expressam a criatividade judicial, como trazem consigo o potencial para a transformação e redefinição dessas práticas. A hipótese adotada consiste em apontar como uma concepção mais ampla de criatividade possibilita repensar a maneira pela qual a ordem jurídica é constantemente transformada por novas questões suscitadas no campo social. Abstract This present article intends to conceive a broad notion of legal creativity, one which is not restricted to the acts nor the functional powers of specific legal actors. The article adopts processual philosophy as its theoretical and conceptual framework to expose how the usual conception of legal creativity is entrenched in an ontological conception of reality that privileges stability, order and security over change, disorder and becoming. This research, however, inscribers creativity within the dynamic of continuous reorganization of the legal order so creativity could be dissociated with the idea of normative production narrowly associated with legal actors: legal theories and categories not only expresses a kind of legal creativity, they also have the potential to transform and redefine common accepted practices within the legal context. The chief hypothesis of this article is that a broader conception of creativity would be relevant to rethink how legal order as constantly transformed by new concerns that emerges within the social field.