Design and Transition of an Emergency E-Learning Pathology Course for Medical Students Evaluation of a Novel Course Concept

Background Around the world, medical schools emergency-created countless e-learning offerings during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide instruction despite the pandemic. The question now is how to capitalize on this momentum of digitization and how to harness the medical e-learning content created for the future. We have analyzed the transition of a pathology course to show what needs to be considered during such a transition. Methods In the summer semester of 2020, the pathology course at the Technical University of Munich was completely converted to an asynchronous online course. This content was adapted in winter 2021 and incorporated into a flipped classroom concept in which research skills were trained at the same time. Results Screencasts and lecture recordings were the most popular asynchronous teaching formats. Students reported developing a higher interest in pathology and research through group work. The amount of content was very challenging for some students. Conclusion Flipped classroom formats are a viable option when using the pre-existing contents. We recommend checking the contents for technical and didactic quality and optimizing them if necessary. Content on research skills can be combined very well with clinical teaching content.

The coronavirus generation, i.e., the life situation of German children and adolescents during the pandemic

The results of the research presented in the article illustrate the complexity of the life situation of German children and adolescents during the pandemic. The article also presents the professional situation of parents during the crisis caused by the pandemic and changes in the labor market (e.g. the coronavirus effect). The results of the first studies characterizing the phenomenon of domestic violence, conducted by researchers at the Technical University of Munich, are also shown. The situation of children and adolescents is illustrated, among others, by numerical data of criminal statistics or the Robert Koch Institute. In the article, the midwife emphasizes examples of such research results in which children and adolescents were participants. This is because such a selection of respondents makes it possible to get to know their opinions about the time of the pandemic, lockdown or homeschooling. The research also revealed that the coronavirus has become a "virus of social inequality" as it has worsened the situation of families at risk of poverty. The conclusion also shows the directions of activities undertaken by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research to support students after the lockdown period.

Anastomotic Leakage Following Resection of the Esophagus – Introduction of an Endoscopic Scoring System

Background Malignant tumors of the esophagus are the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Postoperative leakage of the esophago-gastrostomy leads to mediastinal sepsis, which is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic view of the different severity grades of an anastomotic leakage. MethodsPatients Between June 2016 and September 2018, 144 patients were operated upon in the Department of Surgery, University of Munich, Germany. Among these patients, 34 (23.6%) presented with a leakage of the anastomosis. EndoscopyIn this retrospective analysis the focus is to describe different patterns of leakage of the anastomosis.Results We studied 34 patients in whom post-esophagectomy leakage of the anastomosis was detected and treated with an endoluminal vacuum sponge system. The leakage healed in 26 of 29 patients (success rate 89.7%). With increasing severity of leakage, the treatment time and the in-hospital mortality correspondingly increased. Furthermore, the incidence of development of a fistula to the tracheobronchial system increased with higher grades of leakage.ConclusionsExact descriptions of leakage are necessary to compare the cases and to prove post-treatment improvement. This is, to our knowledge, the first publication to present a leakage grading score in patients after esophagectomy including reconstruction with a gastric tube. This new grading system needs to be tested in further analyses, with special focus on prospective analysis.

The term ‘marble’ in eighteenth-century encyclopaedic literature: from colourful and exclusive to grainy and popular

This article reports on findings concerning the use and understanding of marble in the eighteenth century, as uncovered by a team of geologists and conservators at the Department of Engineering Technology at the Technical University of Munich. While researching a group of marble objects in Bayreuth in order to devise suitable conservation methods, it became apparent that the eighteenth-century understanding of ‘marble’ was different to how we define the stone today. This earlier definition of marble was based on colour, pattern and the ability to shine when polished. However, by the end of the eighteenth century, there was a shift to a focus on the different grain sizes of the stones, while the previously defining quality of colour became less important. Such developments advanced towards the recognition of limestone and marble as two different types, enabling the distinction between sedimentary limestone and its metamorphic product marble to be drawn in the first half of the nineteenth century. At the same time, the exploration of local sources caused the exclusivity of marble to dwindle. Once a building and decorative material for the elite, it now became more widely available. Marble was still the material of sovereigns - proudly presented as locally found - but it simultaneously became accessible to a wider market for household utensils or collectors’ items. This is demonstrated through the exploration of a range of German sources, including encyclopaedias and lexicons with their inherent aim of accumulating the universal knowledge of their time, a ‘marble’ compendium, and a description of the prison and workhouse in St Georgen in Bayreuth, which had marble works on its premises.

Fünf Thesenpapiere von Falk Wagner

Falk Wagner (1939–1998) was the leading Hegelian in late 20th century German Protestant theology. Wagner who had studied philosophy with Theodor W. Adorno and Wolfgang Cramer in Frankfurt am Main and Systematic Theology with Wolfhart Pannenberg at the University of Mainz taught Systematic Theology at the Universities of Munich and, since 1988, Vienna. He published several influential books. In his lectures and seminars he frequently handed out short theory papers to his students which should serve as the basis for debate. The five texts presented here for the first time deal with the problems of individual in society and of the modern history of theology, with the doctrine of God (creator and trinity), with the significance of the Bible for the systematic theology and finally with the concept of „Subjektivität“ in G. W. F. Hegel’s philosophy. These texts are an essential source for the development of Wagner’s thought when teaching at the university of Munich until 1988.

Correlation of in vivo imaging to morphomolecular pathology in translational research: challenge accepted

Correlation of in vivo imaging to histomorphological pathology in animal models requires comparative interdisciplinary expertise of different fields of medicine. From the morphological point of view, there is an urgent need to improve histopathological evaluation in animal model-based research to expedite translation into clinical applications. While different other fields of translational science were standardized over the last years, little was done to improve the pipeline of experimental pathology to ensure reproducibility based on pathological expertise in experimental animal models with respect to defined guidelines and classifications. Additionally, longitudinal analyses of preclinical models often use a variety of imaging methods and much more attention should be drawn to enable for proper co-registration of in vivo imaging methods with the ex vivo morphological read-outs. Here we present the development of the Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP) unit embedded in the Institute of Pathology of the Technical University of Munich during the Collaborative Research Center 824 (CRC824) funding period together with selected approaches of histomorphological techniques for correlation of in vivo imaging to morphomolecular pathology.

Viktor Leis Speaks Out on Concurrency and Parallelism on Multicore CPUs

Welcome to ACM SIGMOD Record's series of interviews with distinguished members of the database community. I'm Marianne Winslett, and today I have here with me Viktor Leis who won the 2018 ACM SIGMOD Jim Gray Dissertation Award for his thesis entitled Query Processing and Optimization in Modern Database Systems. Viktor is now at the University of University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and his Ph.D. is from the Technical University of Munich, where he worked with Thomas Neumann and Alfons Kemper. So, Viktor, welcome.

Correlation of In Vivo Imaging To Morphomolecular Pathology In Translational Research – Challenge Accepted

Correlation of in vivo imaging to histomorphological pathology in animal models requires comparative interdisciplinary expertise of different fields of medicine. From the morphological point of view, there is an urgent need to improve histopathological evaluation in animal model based research to expedite translation into clinical applications. While different other fields of translational science were standardized over the last years, little was done to improve the pipeline of experimental pathology to ensure reproducibility based on pathological expertise in experimental animal models with respect to defined guidelines and classifications. Additionally, longitudinal analyses of preclinical models often use a variety of imaging methods and much more attention should be drawn to enable for proper co-registration of in vivo imaging methods with the ex vivo morphological read-outs. Here we present the development of the Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP) unit embedded in the Institute of Pathology of the Technical University of Munich during the Collaborative Research Center 824 (CRC824) funding period together with selected approaches of histomorphological techniques for correlation of in vivo imaging to morphomolecular pathology.

EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE PROGRESS IN COMPUTER SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

The review examines the content and main problems of the English-language monograph of the German scientist and philosopher, President of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, founder of the Munich Center for Social Technologies (MCTS), Honorary Professor of the Technical University of Munich, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the Univercity of Tübingen Klaus Mainzer. The author covers a range of issues related to the history of the formation and development of artificial intelligence, the reasons for society’s unwillingness to integrate machines into society, the relationship of artificial intelligence with human values, ethics and security, and what awaits humanity in the future. One of the key issues in the book is the relationship between artificial intelligence and the ethics of responsibility, as well as ensuring personal rights and freedoms while actively expanding the sphere of influence of artificial intelligence.